a) \(P \left(\right. x \left.\right) + Q \left(\right. x \left.\right)\) 

\(= \left(\right. x^{4} - 5 x^{3} + 4 x - 5 \left.\right) + \left(\right. - x^{4} + 3 x^{2} + 2 x + 1 \left.\right)\)

\(= x^{4} - 5 x^{3} + 4 x - 5 - x^{4} + 3 x^{2} + 2 x + 1\)

\(= \left(\right. x^{4} - x^{4} \left.\right) - 5 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} + \left(\right. 4 x + 2 x \left.\right) + \left(\right. 1 - 5 \left.\right)\)

\(= - 5 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} + 6 x - 4\)

b) \(R \left(\right. x \left.\right) = P \left(\right. x \left.\right) - Q \left(\right. x \left.\right)\)

\(= \left(\right. x^{4} - 5 x^{3} + 4 x - 5 \left.\right) - \left(\right. - x^{4} + 3 x^{2} + 2 x + 1 \left.\right)\)

\(= x^{4} - 5 x^{3} + 4 x - 5 + x^{4} - 3 x^{2} - 2 x - 1\)

\(= \left(\right. x^{4} + x^{4} \left.\right) - 5 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + \left(\right. 4 x - 2 x \left.\right) + \left(\right. - 1 - 5 \left.\right)\)

\(= 2 x^{4} - 5 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 2 x - 6\)