Bài 3: 

a: \(3^x=243\)

nên \(3^x=3^5\)

hay x=5

b: \(x^5=32\)

nên \(x^5=2^5\)

hay x=2

c: \(x^6=729\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=9\)

=>x=3 hoặc x=-3

a: Ta có: \(A=1+3^2+3^4+\cdots+3^{100}\)

\(=\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+\left(3^6+3^8+3^{10}\right)+\cdots+\left(3^{96}+3^{98}+3^{100}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^6\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+\cdots+3^{96}\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)=91\left(1+3^6+\cdots+3^{96}\right)\) ⋮91

b: Ta có: \(A=1+3^2+3^4+\cdots+3^{100}\)

=>\(9A=3^2+3^4+3^6+\cdots+3^{102}\)

=>\(9A-A=3^2+3^4+\cdots+3^{102}-1-3^2-\cdots-3^{100}\)

=>\(8A=3^{102}-1\)

=>\(8A+1=3^{102}\)

=>\(8A+1=\left(3^{51}\right)^2\) là số chính phương

\(a,A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\)

\(=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+\left(2^5+2^6\right)...+\left(2^{99}+2^{100}\right)\)

\(=6+2^2\cdot\left(2+2^2\right)+2^4\cdot\left(2+2^2\right)...+2^{98}\cdot\left(2+2^2\right)\)

\(=6+2^2\cdot6+2^4\cdot6...+2^{98}\cdot6\)

\(=6\cdot\left(1+2^2+2^4+...+2^{98}\right)\)

Vì \(6\cdot\left(1+2^2+2^4+...+2^{98}\right)⋮6\)

nên \(A⋮6\)

\(b,A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\)

\(=\left(2+2^3\right)+\left(2^2+2^4\right)+\left(2^3+2^5\right)+...+\left(2^{97}+2^{99}\right)+\left(2^{98}+2^{100}\right)\)

\(=10+2\cdot\left(2+2^3\right)+2^2\cdot\left(2+2^3\right)+...+2^{96}\cdot\left(2+2^3\right)+2^{97}\cdot\left(2+2^3\right)\)

\(=10+2\cdot10+2^2\cdot10+...+2^{96}\cdot10+2^{97}\cdot10\)

\(=10\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{96}+2^{97}\right)\)

Vì \(10\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{96}+2^{97}\right)⋮10\)

nên \(A⋮10\)

#\(Toru\)

mình không biết làm

Cho a là số tự nhiênchia 6 dư 2 và b là số tự nhiên chia 6 dư 3. Chứng minh axb chia hết cho 6

a) Đặt A = \(6^5.5-3^5\)

\(=\left(2.3\right)^5.5-3^5\)

\(=2^5.3^5.5-3^5\)

\(=3^5.\left(2^5.5-1\right)\)

\(=3^5.\left(32.5-1\right)\)

\(=3^5.159\)

\(=3^5.3.53⋮53\)

Vậy \(A⋮53\)

b) Đặt \(B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{120}\)

\(=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{119}+2^{120}\right)\)

\(=2.\left(1+2\right)+2^3.\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{119}.\left(1+2\right)\)

\(=2.3+2^3.3+...+2^{119}.3\)

\(=3.\left(2+2^3+...+2^{59}\right)⋮3\)

Vậy \(B⋮3\)

\(B=\left(2+2^2+2^3\right)+\left(2^4+2^5+2^6\right)+...+\left(2^{118}+2^{119}+2^{120}\right)\)

\(=2.\left(1+2+2^2\right)+3^4.\left(1+2+2^2\right)+...+2^{118}.\left(1+2+2^2\right)\)

\(=2.7+2^4.7+...+2^{118}.7\)

\(=7.\left(2+2^4+...+2^{118}\right)⋮7\)

Vậy \(B⋮7\)

\(B=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5\right)+\left(2^6+2^7+2^8+2^9+2^{10}\right)\)

\(+...+\left(2^{116}+2^{117}+2^{118}+2^{119}+2^{120}\right)\)

\(=2.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+2^6.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\)

\(+2^{116}.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\)

\(=2.31+2^6.31+...+2^{116}.31\)

\(=31.\left(2+2^6+...+2^{116}\right)⋮31\)

Vậy \(B⋮31\)

\(B=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6+2^7+2^8\right)+\left(2^9+2^{10}+2^{11}+2^{12}+2^{13}+2^{14}+2^{15}+2^{16}\right)\)

\(+...+\left(2^{113}+2^{114}+2^{115}+2^{116}+2^{117}+2^{118}+2^{119}+2^{120}\right)\)

\(=2.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6+2^7\right)+2^9.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6+2^7\right)\)

\(+...+2^{113}.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6+2^7\right)\)

\(=2.255+2^9.255+...+2^{113}.255\)

\(=255.\left(2+2^9+...+2^{113}\right)\)

\(=17.15.\left(2+2^9+...+2^{113}\right)⋮17\)

Vậy \(B⋮17\)

c) Đặt C = \(3^{4n+1}+2^{4n+1}\)

Ta có:

\(3^{4n+1}=\left(3^4\right)^n.3\)

\(2^{4n}=\left(2^4\right)^n.2\)

\(3^4\equiv1\left(mod10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3^4\right)^n\equiv1^n\left(mod10\right)\equiv1\left(mod10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{4n+1}\equiv\left(3^4\right)^n.3\left(mod10\right)\equiv1.3\left(mod10\right)\equiv3\left(mod10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Chữ số tận cùng của \(3^{4n+1}\) là \(3\)

\(2^4\equiv6\left(mod10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2^4\right)^n\equiv6^n\left(mod10\right)\equiv6\left(mod10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{4n+1}\equiv\left(2^4\right)^n.2\left(mod10\right)\equiv6.2\left(mod10\right)\equiv2\left(mod10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Chữ số tận cùng của \(2^{4n+1}\) là \(2\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Chữ số tận cùng của C là 5

\(\Rightarrow C⋮5\)

\(6+6^2+\cdot\cdot\cdot+6^{10}\)

\(=6\cdot\left(1+6\right)+6^3\cdot\left(1+6\right)+\cdot\cdot\cdot+6^9\cdot\left(1+6\right)\)

\(=6\cdot7+6^3\cdot7+\cdot\cdot\cdot+6^9\cdot7\)

\(=7\cdot\left(6+6^3+\cdot\cdot\cdot+6^9\right)⋮7\)

\(\Rightarrow6+6^2+\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot+6^{10}⋮7\)

\(5^1-5^9+5^8=5\left(1-5^8+5^7\right)⋮7\Leftrightarrow5^8-5^7-1⋮7\)

\(5\equiv-2\left(mod7\right)\Rightarrow5^3\equiv-1\left(mod7\right)\Rightarrow5^8\equiv4\left(mod7\right);5^7\equiv-2\left(mod7\right)\)

\(5^8-5^7-1\equiv5\left(mod7\right):v\)

Bài 1 : \(A=1+3+3^2+...+3^{31}\)

a. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^9.\left(1.3.3^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=13+3^9.13\)

\(\Rightarrow A=13.\left(1+...+3^9\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A⋮13\)

b. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^8.\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=40+...+3^8.40\)

\(\Rightarrow A=40.\left(1+...+3^8\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A⋮40\)

Bài 2:

Ta có: \(C=3+3^2+3^4+...+3^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow C=(3+3^2+3^3+3^4)+...+(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100})\)

\(\Rightarrow3.(1+3+3^2+3^3)+...+3^{97}.(1+3+3^2+3^3)\)

\(\Rightarrow3.40+...+3^{97}.40\)

Vì tất cả các số hạng của biểu thức C đều chia hết cho 40

\(\Rightarrow C⋮40\)

Vậy \(C⋮40\)