\(P=\dfrac{x^4+x^3-3x-1}{x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-2x}{x^2+x+1}=x^2-1-\dfrac{2x}{x^2+x+1}\)

Vì x \(\in Z\) nên để P \(\in Z\) thì : \(\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\in Z\) 

Đặt \(A=\dfrac{x}{x^2+x+1}\) . Với x = 0 ; ta có : \(P=-1\in Z\)

Với x khác 0 ; ta có : \(A=\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1}\)

Nếu x > 0 ; ta có : \(0< A\le\dfrac{1}{3}\) ( vì \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge2\) )  => Ko tồn tại g/t nguyên của A (L) 

Nếu x < 0 ; ta có : \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\le-2\)  \(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}+1\le-1\) 

Suy ra : \(0>A\ge\dfrac{1}{-1}=-1\)  \(\Rightarrow A=-1\) 

" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

x = -1 ; ta có : P = 2 \(\in Z\) (t/m) 

Vậy ... 

Answer:

a. \(-5< x< 5\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{\pm4;\pm3;\pm2;\pm1;0\right\}\)

Tổng các số nguyên x thoả mãn:

\((-4) + (-3) + (-2) + (-1) + 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4\)

\(= (4 - 4) + (3 - 3) + (2 - 2) + (1 - 1) + 0\)

\(=0\)

a: ĐKXĐ: x∉{1;-1;2}

\(P=\left(\frac{x}{x+1}-\frac{1}{1-x}+\frac{1}{1-x^2}\right):\frac{x-2}{x^2-1}\)

\(=\left(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right)\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\)

\(=\frac{x\left(x-1\right)+x+1-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-x+x}{x-2}=\frac{x^2}{x-2}\)

b: Để P nguyên thì \(x^2\) ⋮x-2

=>\(x^2-4+4\) ⋮x-2

=>4⋮x-2

=>x-2∈{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4}

=>x∈{3;1;4;0;6;-2}

Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: x∈{3;4;0;6;-2}

c: \(P=\frac{x^2}{x-2}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-4+4}{x-2}=x+2+\frac{4}{x-2}=x-2+\frac{4}{x-2}+4\ge2\cdot\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\cdot\frac{4}{x-2}}+4\)

=>P>=2*2+4=8

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x-2\right)^2=4\)

=>x-2=2

=>x=4(nhận)

\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x-1}\right)-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\) đk: \(x\ge0,x\ne1\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)}\right]-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}:\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x+1}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

b)Để P<4 \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 4\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-4< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2-4\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6-3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}>0\\\sqrt{x}-1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-3\sqrt{x}< 0\\\sqrt{x}-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 2\\\sqrt{x}< 1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>2\\\sqrt{x}>1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< 1\\\sqrt{x}>2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\le x< 1\\x>4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy...

c)\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) \(=1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

Để P nguyên khi \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) nguyên

\(x\in Z\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}\in Z\\\sqrt{x}\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\\\sqrt{x}-1\in I\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tại \(\sqrt{x}-1\in I\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\notin Z\) (L)

Tại\(\sqrt{x}-1\in Z\) .Để \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-1;1;-3;3\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;-2;4\right\}\) mà \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2;4\right\}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;4;16\right\}\) (tm)

câu c là sao vậy ạ??

Để P nguyên thì \(x^2-15x+9\) ⋮2x-1

=>\(2x^2-30x+18\) ⋮2x-1

=>\(2x^2-x-29x+18\) ⋮2x-1

=>-29x+18⋮2x-1

=>-58x+36⋮2x-1

=>-58x+29+7⋮2x-1

=>7⋮2x-1

=>2x-1∈{1;-1;7;-7}

=>2x∈{2;0;8;-6}

=>x∈{1;0;4;-3}