cho x,y,z thuộc R Tm: xy+zy+xz+2x+2y+2z=45 CM: X^2+y^2+z^2>= 27
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5(x+y)2+3(x-y)2=8x2+4xy+8y2=4(2x2+xy+2z2)>=5(x+y)2
=> \(\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{5\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}\)= \(\frac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự. Cộng lại là ra nha. Dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1/3
x+y+z=0
=>x+y=-z; x+z=-y; y+z=-x
\(\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(-z\right)^2=z^2\)
=>\(x^2+2xy+y^2=z^2\)
=>\(z^2-xy=x^2+xy+y^2\)
\(4xy-z^2=4xy-(x^2+2xy+y^2)\)
\(=-(x^2-2xy+y^2)=-(x-y)^2\)
\(xy+2z^2=xy+2(x^2+2xy+y^2)\)
\(=2x^2+5xy+2y^2=(x+2y)(2x+y)\)
\(\left(x+z\right)^2=\left(-y\right)^2=y^2\)
=>\(x^2+2xz+z^2=y^2\)
=>\(y^2-xz=x^2+xz+z^2\)
\(4yz-x^2=4yz-\left(y+z\right)^2\)
\(=4yz-\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)=-y^2+2yz-z^2=-\left(y-z\right)^2\)
\(yz+2x^2=yz+2\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=2y^2+5yz+2z^2=2y^2+4yz+yz+2z^2\)
=2y(y+2z)+z(y+2z)
=(y+2z)(2y+z)
\(\left(y+z\right)^2=\left(-x\right)^2=x^2\)
=>\(y^2+2yz+z^2=x^2\)
=>\(x^2-yz=y^2+yz+z^2\)
\(4xz-y^2\) =4xz-(x+z)^2
=4xz-\(x^2-2xz-z^2\)
\(=-x^2+2xz-z^2=-\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(xz+2y^2=xz+2\left(x+z\right)^2\)
\(=xz+2x^2+4xz_{}+2z^2=2x^2+5xz+2z^2\)
\(=2x^2+4xz+xz+2z^2\)
=2x(x+2z)+z(x+2z)
=(x+2z)(2x+z)
2x+y=x+x+y=x-z
\(2y + z = y + (y + z) = y - x = -(x - y)\)
\(2z + x = z + (z + x) = z - y = -(y - z)\)
\(x + 2y = (x + y) + y = -z + y = y - z\)
\(y + 2z = (y + z) + z = -x + z = z - x\)
\(z + 2x = (z + x) + x = -y + x = x - y\)
Ta có: \(A = \frac{4xy - z^2}{xy + 2z^2} \cdot \frac{4yz - x^2}{yz + 2x^2} \cdot \frac{4zx - y^2}{xz + 2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{-(x - y)^2}{(x + 2y)(2x + y)}\cdot\frac{-(y - z)^2}{(y + 2z)(2y + z)}\cdot\frac{-(z - x)^2}{(z + 2x)(2z + x)}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(x-y\right)^2\cdot\left(y-z\right)^2\cdot\left(z-x\right)^2}{(y-z)(x-z)(z-x)[-(x-y)](x-y)[-(y-z)]}\)
\(=\frac{-(x - y)^2 (y - z)^2 (z - x)^2}{-(x - y)^2 (y - z)^2 (z - x)^2}=1\)
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
\(VT=6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+10\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\frac{9}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+2\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\: 6\cdot\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2}{3}+2\cdot\frac{9}{4\cdot\frac{3}{4}}=9\)
Ta có:
\(2\left(2x^2+xy+2y^2\right)=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+1\left(x+y\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Gợi ý. Dùng cái trên.
Ta có BĐT \(x^2+1\ge2x\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\in R\)
Tương tự: \(y^2+1\ge2y;z^2+1\ge2z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(1\right)\)
Và BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\left(2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\in R\)
Cộng theo vế 2 BĐT (1);(2) ta có:
\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge45\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge42\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge21\)
Khi x=y=z=1
Sửa đề : cho \(CM:x^2+y^2+z^2\ge21\)
Ta có : \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2xy-2xz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)(1)
Ta lại có : \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-2x-2y-2z+3\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge2x+2y+2z-3\)(2)
Cộng vế với vế của (1); (2) lại ta được :
\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge xy+yz+xy+2x+2y+2z-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge45-3=42\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{42}{2}=21\)(đpcm)