Dạng toán phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a. 1- 2y + y^2
b. (x + 1) ^2 - 25
c. 1 - 4x^2
d. 8 - 27x^3
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a: =(6x)^2-(3x-2)^2
=(6x-3x+2)(6x+3x-2)
=(9x-2)(3x+2)
d: \(=\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
\(=4x\cdot\left[x^2+2x+1+x^2-2x+1\right]\)
=8x(x^2+1)
e: =(4x)^2-2*4x*3y+(3y)^2
=(4x-3y)^2
f: \(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^4-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\cdot2y^3+4y^6\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x^2-2y^3\right)^2\)
g: =(4x)^3+1^3
=(4x+1)(16x^2-4x+1)
k: =x^3(27x^3-8)
=x^3(3x-2)(9x^2+6x+4)
l: =(x^3-y^3)(x^3+y^3)
=(x-y)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)(x^2+xy+y^2)
$36x^2-(3x-2)^2$
$=[6x-(3x-2)][6x+(3x-2)]$
$=(6x-3x+2)(6x+3x-2)$
$=(3x+2)(9x-2)$
b)$16(4x+5)^5-25(2x+2)^2$
Câu này không có dạng hằng đẳng thức hiệu hai bình phương vì số mũ của hai phần là $5$ và $2$.
Có thể đặt nhân tử chung $1$ nhưng không phân tích tiếp được bằng các phương pháp thông thường.
c)$(x-y+4)^2$
Đây đã là một tích:
$(x-y+4)^2=(x-y+4)(x-y+4)$
d)$(x+1)^4-(x-1)^4$
$=[(x+1)^2-(x-1)^2][(x+1)^2+(x-1)^2]$
$=[x^2+2x+1-x^2+2x-1][x^2+2x+1+x^2-2x+1]$
$=4x(2x^2+2)$
$=8x(x^2+1)$
e)$16x^2-24xy+9y^2$
$=(4x)^2-2\cdot4x\cdot3y+(3y)^2$
$=(4x-3y)^2$
f)$-\dfrac{x^4}{4}+2x^2y^3-4y^6$
$=-\dfrac14(x^4-8x^2y^3+16y^6)$
$=-\dfrac14(x^2-4y^3)^2$
g)$64x^3+1$
$=(4x)^3+1^3$
$=(4x+1)(16x^2-4x+1)$
h)$x^3y^6z^9-125$
$=(xy^2z^3)^3-5^3$
$=(xy^2z^3-5)(x^2y^4z^6+5xy^2z^3+25)$
k)$27x^6-8x^3$
$=x^3(27x^3-8)$
$=x^3[(3x)^3-2^3]$
$=x^3(3x-2)(9x^2+6x+4)$
l)$x^6-y^6$
$=(x^3-y^3)(x^3+y^3)$
$=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)$
m)$27x^3-54x^2y+36xy^2-8y^3$
$=(3x)^3-3(3x)^2(2y)+3(3x)(2y)^2-(2y)^3$
$=(3x-2y)^3$
n)$y^9-9x^2y^6+27x^4y^3-27x^6$
$=(y^3)^3-3(y^3)^2(3x^2)+3(y^3)(3x^2)^2-(3x^2)^3$
$=(y^3-3x^2)^3$
a) \(x^4-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
b) \(x^2-3y^2\)
\(=x^2-\left(y\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+y\sqrt{3}\right)\)
c) \(\left(3x-2y\right)^2-\left(2x-3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-2y+2x-3y\right)\left(3x-2y-2x+3y\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-5y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=5\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
d) \(9\left(x-y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left[3\left(x-y\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\right]\left[3\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(3x-3y+2x+2y\right)\left(3x-3y-2x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-y\right)\left(x-5y\right)\)
e) \(\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1+x+1\right)\left(2x-1-x-1\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-2\right)\)
f) \(x^3+27\)
\(=x^3+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)
g) \(27x^3-0,001\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-\left(0,1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-0,1\right)\left(9x^2+0,3x+0,01\right)\)
h) \(125x^3-1\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^3-1^3\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)\left(25x^2+5x+1\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x-2y+x^2-4y^2\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)+\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y+1\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(x^2+2xy+y^2-4x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(2xy\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+2xy\right)\left(x+y-2xy\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(x^6-x^4+2x^3+2x^2\)
\(=x^4\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x^4\left(x-1\right)+2x^2\right]\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)\left[x^2\left(x-1\right)+2\right]\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(x^3-x^2+2\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-8y^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-2y\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2y\left(x+1\right)+4y^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-2y+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+2xy+2y+4y^2\right)\)
a, \(x-2y+x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)+\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)=\left(x-2y\right)\left(1+x+2y\right)\)
b, \(x^2-4x^2y^2+y^2+2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(2xy\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y-2xy\right)\left(x+y+2xy\right)\)
c, \(x^6-x^4+2x^3+2x^2=x^6+2x^3+1-x^4+2x^2-1\)
\(=\left(x^3+1\right)^2-\left(x^2-1\right)^2=\left(x^3-x^2+2\right)\left(x^3+x^2\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+2\right)\)
d, \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-8y^3=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(2y\right)^3=\left(x+1-2y\right)\left(x+1+2y\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x-2y+x^2-4y^2\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)+\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(1+x+2y\right)\)
b: Ta có: \(x^2-4x^2y^2+y^2+2xy\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(2xy\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y-2xy\right)\left(x+y+2xy\right)\)
b: \(=x\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)\)
a/ 2x^2 (x – 1) + 4x (1 – x)
= 2x^2(x – 1) – 4x (x – 1)
= (x – 1)( 2x^2 – 4x)
=2x(x – 1)(x – 2)
Bài 1:
a: Ta có: \(\left(6x+3\right)-\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(3-2x+5\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(8-2x\right)\)
\(=2\left(4-x\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x-3\right)-\left(2-3x\right)\left(x-1\right)-2\left(3x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x-3\right)+\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)\left(2x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x-3+x-1-2x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x-6\right)\)
\(=3\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
Bài 2:
a: Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)\left(a+2b\right)-\left(b-a\right)\left(2a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a+3b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+2b\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a+3b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+2b+2a-b-a-3b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-4b\right)\)
\(=2\left(a-b\right)\left(a-2b\right)\)
f: Ta có: \(x^2-6xy+9y^2+4x-12y\)
\(=\left(x-3y\right)^2+4\left(x-3y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-3y+4\right)\)
a: \(64x^3-27y^3=\left(4x-3y\right)\left(16x^2+12xy+9y^2\right)\)
c: \(125-\left(x+1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(5-x-1\right)\left(25+5x+5+x^2+2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(4-x\right)\left(x^2+7x+31\right)\)
a) \(64x^3-27y^3=\left(4x\right)^3-\left(3y\right)^3=\left(4x-3y\right)\left(16x^2+12xy+9y^2\right)\)
\(b)\) \(27x^3+\dfrac{y^3}{8}=\left(3x\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)\left(9x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}xy+\dfrac{1}{4}y^2\right)\)
\(c)\) \(125-\left(x+1\right)^3=5^3-\left(x+1\right)^3=\left(5-x-1\right)\left(25+5\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)^2\right)\)
\(=\left(4-x\right)\left(x^2+7x+31\right)\)
a) \(1-2y+y^2=y^2-2y+1^2=\left(y-1\right)^2\)
b) \(\left(x+1\right)^2-25=\left(x+1\right)^2-5^2\)= \(\left(x+1+5\right).\left(x+1-5\right)=\left(x+6\right).\left(x-4\right)\)
c) \(1-4x^2=1^2-\left(2x\right)^2=\left(1+2x\right).\left(1-2x\right)\)
d) \(8-27x^3=2^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right).\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)