Đặt \(a=\sqrt3-\sqrt2\)

=>\(a^2=\left(\sqrt3-\sqrt2\right)^2=5-2\sqrt6\)

=>\(-a^2=2\sqrt6-5\)

\(3a=3\left(\sqrt3-\sqrt2\right)=3\sqrt3-3\sqrt2\)

\(\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{\sqrt3-\sqrt2}=\frac{\sqrt3+\sqrt2}{\left(\sqrt3-\sqrt2\right)\left(\sqrt3+\sqrt2\right)}=\sqrt3+\sqrt2\)

Khi đó, ta sẽ có: \(u_{n+1} = a u_n^2 - a^2 u_n + 3a\) (1)

Đặt \(v_n = u_n + \sqrt{2}\)

=>\(u_{n}=v_{n}-\sqrt{2}\)

Thay vào (1), ta có: \(v_{n+1} - \sqrt{2} = a(v_n - \sqrt{2})^2 - a^2(v_n - \sqrt{2}) + 3a\)

=>\(v_{n+1} = a v_n^2 - v_n + \frac{1}{a}\) , với số hạng đầu tiên là \(v_1 = u_1 + \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{3} + 2\sqrt{2}\)

Đặt \(x_n = v_n - \frac{1}{a}\)

\(x_1 = v_1 - \frac{1}{a} = (\sqrt{3} + 2\sqrt{2}) - (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2}) = \sqrt{2}\)

\(x_{n+1}=v_{n+1}-\frac{1}{a}\)

\(=av_{n}^2-v_{n}\)

\(=v_{n}(av_{n}-1)\)

\(=\left(x_{n}+\frac{1}{a}\right)ax_{n}\)

\(=x_{n}+ax_{n}^2\)

\(v_n = x_n + \frac{1}{a}\)

\(\frac{1}{x_n}-\frac{1}{x_{n+1}}=\frac{x_{n+1} - x_n}{x_n x_{n+1}}\)

\(=\frac{a x_n^2}{x_n(x_n + a x_n^2)}\)

\(=\frac{a x_n}{1 + a x_n}=\frac{1}{x_n + \frac{1}{a}}=\frac{1}{v_n}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{v_n} = \frac{1}{x_n} - \frac{1}{x_{n+1}}\)

\(S_n = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{u_i + \sqrt{2}} = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{v_i}\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{x_1}-\frac{1}{x_2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{x_2}-\frac{1}{x_3}\right)+\ldots+\left(\frac{1}{x_n}-\frac{1}{x_{n+1}}\right)=\frac{1}{x_1}-\frac{1}{x_{n+1}}\)

Ta có: \(\begin{cases}x_1=\sqrt2>0\\ a=\sqrt3-\sqrt2>0\end{cases}\)

=>(\(x_{n}\) ) là dãy tăng và \(\lim_{n\to\infty}x_{n}=+\infty\)

=>\(\lim_{n \to \infty} S_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} \left(\frac{1}{x_1} - \frac{1}{x_{n+1}}\right) = \frac{1}{x_1} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

=>\(\lim \left(\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{u_i + \sqrt{2}}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(u_2=\sqrt{2}\left(2+3\right)-3=5\sqrt{2}-3\)

\(u_3=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.5\sqrt{2}-3=5\sqrt{3}-3\)

\(u_4=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}.5\sqrt{3}-3=5\sqrt{4}-3\)

....

\(\Rightarrow u_n=5\sqrt{n}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n}{\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\dfrac{5\sqrt{n}-3}{\sqrt{n}}=5\)

1:

a: \(u_2=2\cdot1+3=5;u_3=2\cdot5+3=13;u_4=2\cdot13+3=29;\)

\(u_5=2\cdot29+3=61\)

b: \(u_2=u_1+2^2\)

\(u_3=u_2+2^3\)

\(u_4=u_3+2^4\)

\(u_5=u_4+2^5\)

Do đó: \(u_n=u_{n-1}+2^n\)

Lời giải:

Xét hạng tử tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1)}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Cho $n=1,2,...$ thì:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

......

\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow U_n=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits U_n=\lim (1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}})=1\)

Ở câu a ko có chữ " b " nhé

Ta có từ n³ + 1 đến (n + 1)³ - 1 có

(n + 1)³ - 1 - n³ - 1 + 1 = 3n² + 3n số có phần nguyên bằng n

Áp dụng vào cái ban đầu ta có

\(=\frac{3.1^2+3.1}{1}+\frac{3.2^2+3.2}{2}+...+\frac{3.2011^2+3.2011}{2011}\)

= 3.1 + 3 + 3.2 + 3 + ...+ 3.2011 + 3

= 3.2011 + 3(1 + 2 +...+ 2011)

= 6075231

to thấy bài dễ mà