a) Ta có: \(P=\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right]:\dfrac{\sqrt{x^3}+y\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y^3}}{\sqrt{x^3y}+\sqrt{xy^3}}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right):\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{y}}{x\sqrt{xy}+y\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{xy}+y}{xy}\right):\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{xy}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

a) Đk:\(x>0;y>0\)

\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{y}}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right]:\dfrac{x\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{x\sqrt{xy}+y\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\left[\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\right]:\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}+x+y}{xy}:\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{xy}.\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

b) \(xy=16\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{16}{y}\)

\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{y}}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\)

Áp dụng AM-GM có:

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{4}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(y=4\Rightarrow x=4\)

Vậy x=y=4 thì P đạt GTNN là 1

\(x^3=3+2\sqrt{2}+3-2\sqrt{2}+3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=6+3x\sqrt[3]{1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3-3x=6\)

\(y^3=17+12\sqrt{2}+17-12\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(17-12\sqrt{2}\right)\left(17+12\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{17-12\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{17+12\sqrt{2}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=34+3x\sqrt[3]{1}\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3-3y=34\)

Thay vào P, ta được

\(P=x^3+y^3-3x-3y+1979\\ P=\left(x^3-3x\right)+\left(y^3-3y\right)+1979\\ P=6+34+1979=2019\)

\(x^3=6+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3+2\sqrt[]{2}\right)\left(3-2\sqrt[]{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt[]{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt[]{2}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3=6+3x\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-3x=6\)

Tương tự:

\(y^3=34+3\sqrt[3]{\left(17+12\sqrt[]{2}\right)\left(17-12\sqrt[]{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{17+12\sqrt[]{2}}+\sqrt[3]{17-12\sqrt[]{2}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3=34+3y\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3-3y=34\)

Do đó:

\(P=\left(x^3-3x\right)+\left(y^3-3y\right)+1979=6+34+1979=...\)

1: \(A=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{xy}+y}{x-y}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

2: Thay \(x=3+2\sqrt{2}\) và \(y=3-2\sqrt{2}\) vào A, ta được:

\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+1-\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Ta có: \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+3}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+3}\right)=3\)

mà \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+3}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+3}-x\right)=3\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3}-x=y+\sqrt{y^2+3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x^2+3}-\sqrt{y^2+3}\left(1\right)\)

Mặt khác \(\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+3}\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2+3}-y\right)=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{y^2+3}-y=\sqrt{x^2+3}+x\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{y^2+3}-\sqrt{x^2+3}\left(2\right)\)

Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2\left(x+y\right)=0\Rightarrow x+y=0\)

\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt5}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt5}\)

=>\(x^3=9+4\sqrt5+9-4\sqrt5+3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\left(9+4\sqrt5\right)\left(9-4\sqrt5\right)}\cdot\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt5}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt5}\right)\)

=>\(x^3=18+3x\)

=>\(x^3-3x=18\)

\(y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt2}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt2}\)

=>\(y^3=3-2\sqrt2+3+2\sqrt2+3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt2\right)\left(3+2\sqrt2\right)}\cdot\left(\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt2}+\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt2}\right)\)

=>\(y^3=6+3y\)

=>\(y^3-3y=6\)

\(P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+2021\)

\(=\left(x^3-3x\right)+\left(y^3-3y\right)+2021\)

=18+6+2021

=2045

\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=9+4\sqrt{5}+9-4\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=18+3x\sqrt[3]{81-80}=18-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3-3x=18\\ y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=6+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=6+3y\sqrt[3]{9-8}=6+3y\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3-3y=6\\ \Leftrightarrow P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+1993\\ P=x^3+y^3-3x-3y+1993=18+6+1993=2017\)

Áp dụng: \(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3=9+4\sqrt{5}+9-4\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\right)\)

\(=18+3\sqrt[3]{81-80}.x=18+3x\)

\(y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^3=3-2\sqrt{2}+3+2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\right)\)

\(=6+3\sqrt[3]{9-8}y=6+3y\)

\(P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+1993\)

\(=18+3x+6+3y-3x-3y+1993=2017\)

a)

Ta có: $2x^2+2y^2=5xy \Leftrightarrow 2\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=5$

Đặt $t=\frac{x}{y}$, ta có $2t+\frac{1}{t}=5 \Rightarrow 2t^2-5t+1=0$

Giải phương trình trên ta được $t_1=\frac{1}{2}$ và $t_2=1$. Vì $0<x<y$ nên $t>0$, do đó $t=\frac{x}{y}=\frac{1}{2}$.

Từ đó suy ra $x=\frac{y}{2}$ và thay vào biểu thức $E$ ta được:

$E=\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2-y^2}=\frac{\frac{y^2}{4}+y^2}{\frac{y^2}{4}-y^2}=-\frac{5}{3}$

Vậy kết quả là $E=-\frac{5}{3}$.