A= -x²+2x+3

=>A= -(x²-2x+3)

=>A= -(x²-2.x.1+1+3-1)

=>A=-[(x-1)²+2]

=>A= -(x+1)²-2

Vì -(x+1)² ≤0=> A≤-2

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi

-(x+1)²=0 => x=-1

Vây A lớn nhất= -2 khi x= -1

B=x²-2x+4y²-4y+8

=> B= (x²-2x+1)+(4y²-4y+1)+6

=> B=(x-1)²+(2y+1)²+6

=> B lớn nhất=6 khi x=1 và y=-1/2

\(A=\left(x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-3\)

\(A=\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)

\(B=x^2+4y+4y^2+8x+42=\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+25=\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+25\ge25\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi x = -4; y = -1/2

\(B=x^2+4y+4y^2+8x+42\)
\(B=x^2+8x+16+4y^2+4y+1+25\)
\(B=\left(x+4\right)^2\left(2y+1\right)^2+25\)
GTNN của B là 25
xảy ra khi (x+4)²=0 hoặc (2y+1)²=0
                 x+4=0     hoặc 2y+1=0
                 x=-4        hoặc 2y=-1
                 x= -4       hoặc   y=-1/2

\(P=x^2+4xy+4y^2-4xy-4y^2+2x+3\)

\(=x^2+2x+3\)

\(A_{\left(x,y\right)}=x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\)

Đặt 2y=z

\(A_{\left(x,z\right)}=x^2+z^2+1-2xz+2x-2z\)

\(A_{\left(x,z\right)}=\left(x^2-xz\right)+\left(z^2-xz\right)+\left(x-z\right)+\left(x-z+1\right)\)

\(A_{\left(x,z\right)}=\left[x\left(x-z\right)+z\left(z-x\right)+\left(x-z\right)\right]+\left(x-z+1\right)\)

\(A_{\left(x,z\right)}=\left[\left(x-z\right)\left(x-z+1\right)\right]+\left(x-z+1\right)\)

\(A_{\left(x,z\right)}=\left(x-z+1\right)\left(x-z+1\right)=\left(x-z+1\right)^2\)

Vậy nghiệm đã thức là: \(x-z+1=0\Leftrightarrow x-2y+1=0\)

p/s: lớp 8 không dài dòng thế này%

\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

2:

a: \(3xy^2-3x^3-6xy+3x\)

\(=3x\cdot\left(y^2-2y+1-x^2\right)\)

\(=3x\left\lbrack\left(y-1\right)^2-x^2\right\rbrack\)

=3x(y-1-x)(y-1+x)

b: \(3x^2+11x+6\)

\(=3x^2+9x+2x+6\)

=3x(x+3)+2(x+3)

=(x+3)(3x+2)

c: \(-x^3-4xy^2+4x^2y+16x\)

\(=x\left(16+4xy-4y^2-x^2\right)\)

\(=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\right\rbrack=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x-2y\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=x(4-x+2y)(4+x-2y)

d: \(xz-x^2-yz+2xy-y^2\)

=z(x-y)-\(\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)

=\(z\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2\)

=(x-y)(z-x+y)

e: \(4x^2-y^2-6x+3y\)

=(2x-y)(2x+y)-3(2x-y)

=(2x-y)(2x+y-3)

f: \(x^4-x^3-10x^2+2x+4\)

\(=x^4+2x^3-2x^2-3x^3-6x^2+6x-2x^2-4x+4\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x-2\right)\left(x^2-3x-2\right)\)

g: \(\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)-\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x-1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(25y^2+10y+1\right)\right\rbrack\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(5y+1\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(11-5y-1)(11+5y+1)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(10-5y)(12+5y)

=5(2-y)(x-1)(x^2+1)(5y+12)

`a)x^3-8x^2+16x`

`=x(x^2-8x+16)`

`=x(x-4)^2`

`b)x^2+4y^2+2x-4y-4xy-24`

`=(x-2y)^2+2(x-2y)-24`

`=(x-2y)^2-4(x-2y)+6(x-2y)-24`

`=(x-2y-4)(x-2y+6)`

`c)x^4+x^3-x^2-2x-2`

`=x^4-2x^2+x^3-2x+x^2-2`

`=x^2(x^2-2)+x(x^2-2)+x^2-2`

`=(x^2-2)(x^2+x+1)`

= ( x² - 4y² ) - ( 2x + 4y )

= ( x - 2y ) ( x + 2y ) - 2 ( x - 2y )

= ( x - 2y ) ( x + 2y - 2 )

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)