Cho A= \(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{99}{100}\). Chứng minh A2 <\(\frac{1}{101}\)
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A = 1/3.3/4.5/6...99/100
B = 2/3.4/5.6/7...100/101
Chứng minh A < B
Với: a; b; n ∈ N*; a < b ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}\) = 1 - \(\frac{b-a}{b}\); \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}\) = 1 - \(\frac{b-a}{b+n}\)
Vì a < b nên b - a > 0
\(\frac{b-a}{b}\) > \(\frac{b-a}{b+n}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}\) < \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}\) (1) (hai phân số, phân số nào có phần bù nhỏ hơn thì phân số đó lớn hơn)
Áp dụng công thức (1) ta có:
\(\frac34\) < \(\frac{3+1}{4+1}=\frac45\)
\(\frac56<\frac{5+1}{6+1}=\frac67\)
.................................
\(\frac{99}{100}<\frac{99+1}{100+1}=\frac{100}{101}\)
Nhân vế với vế ta được:
3/4.5/6....99/100 < 4/5.6/7....100/101
suy ra:
A = 1/3.3/4.5/6....99/100 < 2/3.4/5.6/7..100/101 = B
A < B (Đpcm)
Câu b:
A = 1/3.3/4.5/6...99/100
B = 2/3.4/5.6/7...100/101
A.B = 1/3.3/4.5/6...99/100.2/3.4/5....100/101
A.B = \(\frac{1.3.5\ldots99}{3.5.7.\ldots101}\).\(\frac{2.4.6\ldots100}{3.4.6.\ldots100}\)
A.B = 1/101.2/3
A.B = 2/303
c) \(M=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{99}{100}< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{4}{4}.\frac{6}{6}...\frac{100}{100}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3};\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5};\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7};....;\frac{99}{100}< \frac{100}{101}\)
Đặt \(B=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{100}{101}\)\(\Rightarrow B>A\)
\(\Rightarrow A.B=\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{99}{100}\right).\left(\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{100}{101}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A.B=\frac{1}{101}\)
Vì \(B>A\)\(\Rightarrow A.B>A.A=A^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{101}>A^2\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{10^2}>\frac{1}{101}>A^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{10^2}>A^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{10}< A\left(1\right)\)\(\)
Ta lai có :
\(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2};\frac{3}{4}>\frac{2}{3};\frac{5}{6}>\frac{4}{5};...;\frac{99}{100}>\frac{98}{99}\)
Đặt \(C=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}...\frac{98}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.C=\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{99}{100}\right).\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}...\frac{98}{99}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A.C=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}...\frac{98}{99}.\frac{99}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.C=\frac{1}{200}\)
Vì \(A>C\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2>A.C=\frac{1}{200}\)
Mà \(A^2>\frac{1}{200}>\frac{1}{15^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2>\frac{1}{15^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{15}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{15}< A< \frac{1}{10}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Bài giải
\(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3}\text{ ; }\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5}\text{ ; }\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7}\text{ ; }...\text{ ; }\frac{99}{100}< \frac{100}{101}\)
\(\text{Đặt }B=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{6}{7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{100}{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{99}{100}< B=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{6}{7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{100}{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A\cdot A< A\cdot B=\left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{99}{100}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{6}{7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{100}{101}\right)\)
\(A\cdot A< A\cdot B=\frac{1}{101}< \frac{1}{10}\)
\(A^2< \frac{1}{10}\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }A< \frac{1}{10}^{^{\left(1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\text{ ; }\frac{3}{4}>\frac{2}{3}\text{ ; }\frac{5}{6}>\frac{4}{5}\text{ ; }...\text{ ; }\frac{99}{100}>\frac{98}{99}\)
\(\text{Đặt }C=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot...\cdot\frac{98}{99}\)
\(A\cdot C=\left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{99}{100}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot...\cdot\frac{98}{99}\right)\)
\(A\cdot C=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{98}{99}\cdot\frac{99}{100}\)
\(A\cdot C=\frac{1}{200}\)
\(\text{Vì }A>C\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }A^2>A\cdot C=\frac{1}{200}\)
\(\text{Mà }A^2>\frac{1}{200}>\frac{1}{15^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A>\frac{1}{15}^{^{\left(2\right)}}\)
\(\text{Từ }^{\left(1\right)}\text{ và }^{\left(2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{1}{15}< A< \frac{1}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\text{ĐPCM}\)
Bài 2:
M = 1/2.3/4.5/6...99/100
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}\) = 1 - \(\frac{b-a}{b}\) (a; b; n ∈ N* và b > a)
\(\frac{a+n}{b+n}\) = 1 - \(\frac{b-a}{b+n}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}\) < \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Áp dụng công thức trên ta có:
\(\frac12<\frac{1+1}{2+1}=\frac23\)
\(\frac34<\frac{3+1}{4+1}=\frac45\)
\(\frac56\) < \(\frac{5+1}{6+1}\) = \(\frac67\)
............................
\(\frac{99}{100}\) < \(\frac{99+1}{100+1}\) = \(\frac{100}{101}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
M = \(\frac12\).\(\frac34\).\(\frac56\)...\(\frac{99}{100}\) < \(\frac23\).\(\frac45\)..\(\frac{100}{101}\) = N
M < N (đpcm)
b; M.N = \(\frac12\).\(\frac34\).\(\frac56\)...\(\frac{99}{100}\).\(\frac23\).\(\frac45\)..\(\frac{100}{101}\)
M.N = \(\frac{1.3.5\ldots99}{3.5\ldots101}\). \(\frac{2.4.6\ldots100}{2.4.6\ldots100}\)
M.N = 1/100.101