1.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y+x^3y+xy^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\x^4+y^2+xy\left(1+2x\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+y\right)+xy+xy\left(x^2+y\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\\left(x^2+y\right)^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=a\\xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+ab=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\a^2+b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}-a\left(a^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-a^3-\dfrac{1}{4}a=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a\left(a^2-a+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=0\\xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\xy=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Kết luận: Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\right);\left(1;-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\right\}\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)^3-16\left(x+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^3-4\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)\\1+\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^2=5\left(x+1\right)^2+5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=u\\\dfrac{2}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-16u=v^3-4v\\v^2=5u^2+4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-v^3=16u-4v\\4=v^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(u^3-v^3\right)=\left(16u-4v\right)\left(v^2-5u^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow21u^3-5u^2v-4uv^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u\left(7u-4v\right)\left(3u+v\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=0\Rightarrow v^2=4\\u=\dfrac{4v}{7}\Rightarrow4=v^2-5\left(\dfrac{4v}{7}\right)^2\\v=-3u\Rightarrow4=\left(-3u\right)^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow...\)

Đặt x+y=a; x-2y=b

=>6/a-3/b=3 và 1/a+7/b=2

=>a=5/3 và b=5

=>x+y=5/3 và x-2y=5

=>x=25/9; y=-10/9

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x-1+2}{x-1}+\frac{3\left(y+2\right)-6}{y+2}=7\\\frac{2}{x-1}-\frac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\frac{2}{x-1}+3-\frac{6}{y+2}=7\\\frac{2}{x-1}-\frac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{2}{x-1}-\frac{6}{y+2}=3\\\frac{2}{x-1}-\frac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{x-1}\\b=\frac{1}{y+2}\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-6b=3\\2a-5b=4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=6b+3\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{9}{2}\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{x-1}=\frac{9}{2}\\\frac{1}{y+2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=\frac{2}{9}\\y+2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{11}{9}\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{x}=u\\\frac{1}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{3}{5}u+v=10\\\frac{3}{4}u+\frac{3}{4}v=12\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3u+5v=50\\3u+3v=48\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=1\\u=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{x}=15\\\frac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{15}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-y=2\\-2x-3y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\left(x+y\right)=2\\-\left(2x+3y\right)=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\2x+3y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2-y\\2\cdot\left(-2-y\right)+3y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2-y\\-4-2y+3y+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2-y\\y+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2-y\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2-\left(-5\right)\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2+5=3\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: \(\begin{cases}81x^3y^2-81x^2y^2+33xy^2-29y^2=4\left(1\right)\\ 25y^3+9x^2y^3-6xy^3-4y^2=24\left(2\right)\end{cases}\)

Khi y=0 thì (2) sẽ trở thành: \(25\cdot0^3+9x^2\cdot0^3-6\cdot x\cdot0^3-4\cdot0^2=24\)

=>0=24(loại)

=>y<>0

Ta có: \(81x^3y^2-81x^2y^2+33xy^2-29y^2=4\)

=>\(y^2(81x^3-81x^2+33x-29)=4\)

=>\(81x^3-81x^2+33x-29=\frac{4}{y^2}\)

Ta có: \(25y^3+9x^2y^3-6xy^3-4y^2=24\)

=>\(y^3(9x^2 - 6x + 25) - 4y^2 = 24\)

=>\(y(9x^2 - 6x + 25) - 4 = \frac{24}{y^2}\)

Đặt u=3x-1

=>3x=u+1

=>\(x=\frac{u+1}{3}\)

\(9x^2-6x+25=9x^2-6x+1+24=\left(3x-1\right)^2+24\)

\(=u^2+24\)

(1) sẽ tương đương: \(81\left(\frac{u+1}{3}\right)^3 - 81\left(\frac{u+1}{3}\right)^2 + 33\left(\frac{u+1}{3}\right) - 29 = \frac{4}{y^2}\)

=>\(3(u+1)^3 - 9(u+1)^2 + 11(u+1) - 29 = \frac{4}{y^2}\)

=>\(3u^3+2u-24=\frac{4}{y^2}\quad(3)\)

THay (3) vào phương trình (2), ta được:

\(y(u^2+24)-4=\frac{24}{y^2}\quad(4)\)

Ta có: \(3u^3+2u-24=\frac{4}{y^2}\quad(3)\)

=>\(18u^3+12u-144=\frac{24}{y^2}\)

=>\(y(u^2 + 24) - 4 = 18u^3 + 12u - 144\)

=>\(y(u^2+24)=18u^3+12u-140\)

=>\(y=\frac{18u^3 + 12u - 140}{u^2 + 24}\)

Thay lại vào (3), ta được: \(\frac{4}{\left(\frac{18u^3 + 12u - 140}{u^2 + 24}\right)^2} = 3u^3 + 2u - 24\)

=>\((9u^3 + 6u - 70)^2(3u^3 + 2u - 24) = (u^2 + 24)^2\)

=>u=2

\(y=\frac{18\cdot2^3+12\cdot2-140}{2^2+24}=\frac{144 + 24 - 140}{28}=\frac{28}{28}=1\)

3x-1=2

=>3x=3

=>x=1

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4y=-2\\2x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4y=-2\\8x+4y=24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11x=22\\3x-4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: =>3x-4y=-2 và 8x+4y=24

=>11x=22 và 2x+y=6

=>x=2 và y=6-2x=6-2*2=2

b: 2x-y=0 và 3x+y=4

=>5x=4 và y=2x

=>x=4/5 và y=8/5

c: x+3y=-2 và x-y=-1

=>4y=-1 và x=y-1

=>y=-1/4 và x=-1/4-1=-5/4

d: x+y=3 và 4x-3y=-2

=>4x+4y=12 và 4x-3y=-2

=>7y=14 và x+y=3

=>y=2 và x=1