86 vì ta học lớp 9

Ta có: \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)

\(=a\left(b^2c^2-b^2-c^2+1\right)+b\left(a^2c^2-a^2-c^2+1\right)\)

\(+c\left(a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\right)\)

\(=ab^2c^2-ab^2-ac^2+a+ba^2c^2-a^2b-bc^2+b\)

\(+ca^2b^2-a^2c-b^2c+c\)

\(=\left(ab^2c^2+ba^2c^2+ca^2b^2\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(-\left(ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2+a^2c+b^2c\right)\)

\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\right]\)

\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ca\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)

\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+abc+3abc\)\(-abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=4abc\)

Vậy \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)=4abc\)(đpcm)

Ta có $\dfrac1{a^2+a}=\dfrac1{a(a+1)}$

Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy Engel,

$\left(\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\right)\left(\sum a(a+1)\right)\ge (1+1+1)^2=9$

Suy ra $\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}$$\ge \dfrac9{\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{\,}+3}$$=\dfrac9{9+3}$$=\dfrac34$

Cách trên chưa đủ mạnh.

Dùng Cauchy–Engel:

$\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac{(1+1+1)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}$

$=\dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}$

Mà $a^2+b^2+c^2\le (a+b+c)^2=9$ nên $\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac9{12}=\dfrac34$.

Để đạt cận $\dfrac32$, dùng tiếp bất đẳng thức

$\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac{2(1-a)}{a}$ không thuận lợi.

Ta áp dụng Titu:

$\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac{(1+1+1)^2}{a(a+1)+b(b+1)+c(c+1)}$

$=\dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}$$\ge \dfrac9{(a+b+c)^2-2(ab+bc+ca)+3}$

$=\dfrac9{12-2(ab+bc+ca)}$

Mà $ab+bc+ca\le 3$ nên $\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac9{12-6}=\dfrac32$

Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=1$.

$\frac1{a^2+a}+\frac1{b^2+b}+\frac1{c^2+c}\ge \frac32.$

Ta có $\dfrac1{a^2+a}=\dfrac1{a(a+1)}$

Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy Engel,

$\left(\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\right)\left(\sum a(a+1)\right)\ge (1+1+1)^2=9$

Suy ra $\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}$$\ge \dfrac9{\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{\,}+3}$$=\dfrac9{9+3}$$=\dfrac34$

Cách trên chưa đủ mạnh.

Dùng Cauchy–Engel:

$\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac{(1+1+1)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}$

$=\dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}$

Mà $a^2+b^2+c^2\le (a+b+c)^2=9$ nên $\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac9{12}=\dfrac34$.

Để đạt cận $\dfrac32$, dùng tiếp bất đẳng thức

$\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac{2(1-a)}{a}$ không thuận lợi.

Ta áp dụng Titu:

$\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac{(1+1+1)^2}{a(a+1)+b(b+1)+c(c+1)}$

$=\dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}$$\ge \dfrac9{(a+b+c)^2-2(ab+bc+ca)+3}$

$=\dfrac9{12-2(ab+bc+ca)}$

Mà $ab+bc+ca\le 3$ nên $\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac9{12-6}=\dfrac32$

Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=1$.

$\frac1{a^2+a}+\frac1{b^2+b}+\frac1{c^2+c}\ge \frac32.$

Cần gấp ko bạn

Nếu gấp thì sang web khác thử

ta có bđt phụ 1: với mọi số thực x;y ta luôn có xy\(\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

CM: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

=> \(x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\)

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

=> \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

ta CM tiếp bđt phụ thứ 2: với mọi số thực dương a, ta có \(a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{8}\)

CM: áp dụng bđt phụ thứ nhất ta có:

\(2a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left\lbrack2a+\left(1+a^2\right)\right\rbrack^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a^2+2a+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{4}\)

=> \(a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{8}\)

CMTT: => \(b\left(1+b^2\right)\le\frac{\left(b+1\right)^4}{8}\)

=> \(c\left(1+c^2\right)\le\frac{\left(c+1\right)^4}{8}\)

=> \(abc\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)\le\frac{\left\lbrack\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4}{512}\)

=> cần CM: \(\frac{\left\lbrack\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4}{512}\le8\Rightarrow\left(\left\lbrack a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4\le8^4\)

mà ta có : \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1+b+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4}\)

vì a+b+c=3

=>a+b=3-c thay vào biểu thức trên ta có:

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\le\frac{\left(3-c+2\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2}{4}\)

=>\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\le\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}{4}\)

cần CM: \(\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}{4}\le8\Rightarrow\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)\le32\)

\(\left(25-10c+c^2\right)\left(c+1\right)\le32\)

\(25c+25-10c^2-10c+c^3+c^2-32\le0\)

\(c^3-9c^2+15c-7\le0\)

\(c^3-c^2-8c^2+8c+7c-7\le0\)

\(c^2\left(c-1\right)-8c\left(c-1\right)+7\left(c-1\right)\le0\)

\(\left(c-1\right)\left(c^2-8c+7\right)\le0\)

\(\left(c-1\right)\left\lbrack c\left(c-1\right)-7\left(c-1\right)\right\rbrack\le0\)

\(\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c-7\right)\le0\)

vì a+b+c=3

=>0<c<3

=> \(\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c-7\right)\le0\) đúng với mọi c

vậy bđt dc chứng minh

$a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)=(a+b+c)^2-4(ab+bc+ca)$

$\ge (a+b+c)^2-\dfrac43(a+b+c)^2\qquad \left(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}\right)$$=-\dfrac13(a+b+c)^2$

Lại có $(a+b+c)^2\ge 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3(abc)^{\frac23}<3$ nên cách này không đủ mạnh.

Ta dùng $a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)=(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2-(ab+bc+ca)$

$\ge -(ab+bc+ca)$

Theo AM-GM,

$ab+bc+ca\le 3\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\right)\le 3$ và do $abc<1$ nên không thể có $ab=bc=ca=1$.

Suy ra $ab+bc+ca<3$

$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)>-3$

$\boxed{a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)>-3.}$

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:

$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$

$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$

$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$

$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$

$=2+3=5$

Vậy $M_{\min}=5$ 

Sửa đề: 1+a^2;1+b^2;1+c^2

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+c+ac}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{a+c}}< =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)\)

=>\(A< =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

12632t54s jsd

\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{ab+bc+ca}=1\)

\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}-2\)

Do \(a;b\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1=2-c\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+c\left(a+b\right)\ge2-c+c\left(3-c\right)=-c^2+2c+2=c\left(2-c\right)+2\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{9}{2}-2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;0\right);\left(2;1;0\right)\)

a)

$A=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}$

$\ge \dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{a(b^2+1)+b(c^2+1)+c(a^2+1)}\qquad (\text{Cauchy Engel})$

$=\dfrac{1}{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+1}$

$\ge \dfrac{1}{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+1}$

$=\dfrac{1}{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)+1}

$\ge \dfrac{1}{\frac13+1}$ $=\dfrac34$

Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=\dfrac13$.

$\boxed{A_{\min}=\dfrac34}$

b)

$B=\dfrac{a}{ab+2c}+\dfrac{b}{bc+2a}+\dfrac{c}{ca+2b}$

$\ge \dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{a(ab+2c)+b(bc+2a)+c(ca+2b)}$

$=\dfrac4{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+2(ab+bc+ca)}$

Lại có $a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)$$=2(ab+bc+ca)$

Nên $B\ge \dfrac4{4(ab+bc+ca)}$$=\dfrac1{ab+bc+ca}$

$\ge \dfrac1{\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}}$ $=\dfrac34$

Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=\dfrac23$.

$B_{\min}=\dfrac34$