Tính giá trị nhỏ nhất
a, x2-20x+101
b, 4x2+4x+2
c, x2-4xy+5y2+10x-22y+28
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\(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\\ A_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow x=3\\ B=2\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+51=2\left(x-5\right)^2+51\ge51\\ B_{min}=51\Leftrightarrow x=5\\ C=\left[\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+10\left(x-2y\right)+25\right]+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\ C=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ C_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-5=2-5=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minA=2\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
b) \(B=2\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+51=2\left(x-5\right)^2+51\ge51\)
\(minB=51\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
c) \(C=\left[x^2-2x\left(2y-5\right)+\left(2y-5\right)^2\right]+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minC=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
\(\ge0-2=-2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b)\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge0+7=7\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=7\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
c)
Ta có:
\(C=3x-x^2+2=2-\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{17}{4}-0=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=\dfrac{17}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) Ta có:
\(D=-x^2-5x=-\left(x^2+5x\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{25}{4}-0=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Vậy \(D_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
e) Ta có:
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+5^2-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
\(\ge0+0+2=2\)
Vậy \(E_{min}=2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-2y+5=y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\)
\(C=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(C_{min}=2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(A=x^2-20x+101\)
\(=x^2-20x+100+1\)
\(=\left(x-10\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=10
a: \(P=x^2+y^2-6x-2y+17\)
\(=x^2-6x+9+y^2-2y+1+7\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+7\ge7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-3=0 và y-1=0
=>x=3 và y=1
b: \(Q=x^2+xy+y^2-3x-3y+999\)
\(=x^2+x\left(y-3\right)+y^2-3y+999\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\left(\frac12y-\frac32\right)+\left(\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+y^2-3y-\left(\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+999\)
\(=\left(x+\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+y^2-3y-\left(\frac14y^2-\frac32y+\frac94\right)+999\)
\(=\left(x+\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+\frac34y^2-\frac32y-\frac94+999\)
\(=\left(x+\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+\frac34\left(y^2-2y-3\right)+999\)
\(=\left(x+\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+\frac34\left(y^2-2y+1-4\right)+999\)
\(=\left(x+\frac12y-\frac32\right)^2+\frac34\left(y-1\right)^2+996\ge996\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}y-1=0\\ x+\frac12y-\frac32=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}y=1\\ x=-\frac12y+\frac32=-\frac12+\frac32=\frac22=1\end{cases}\)
c: \(R=2x^2+2xy_{}+y^2-2x+2y+15\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+x^2+2xy+y^2+2x+2y+11\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+x^2+2xy+y^2+2x+2y+1+10\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(x+y+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}x-2=0\\ x+y+1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=2\\ y=-x-1=-2-1=-3\end{cases}\)
d: \(S=x^2+26y^2-10xy+14x-76y+59\)
\(=x^2-10xy+25y^2+14x-70y+y^2-6y+59\)
\(=\left(x-5y\right)^2+14\left(x-5y\right)+49+y^2-6y+9+1\)
\(=\left(x-5y+7\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}y-3=0\\ x-5y+7=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}y=3\\ x=5y-7=5\cdot3-7=15-7=8\end{cases}\)
e: \(T=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2-4xy+4y^2+10x-20y+y^2-2y+28\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2+10\left(x-2y\right)+25+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}y-1=0\\ x-2y+5=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}y=1\\ x=2y-5=2\cdot1-5=2-5=-3\end{cases}\)
\(A=\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+3=\left(x+2\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(A_{min}=3\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(B=\left(x^2-20x+100\right)+1=\left(x-10\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(B_{min}=1\) khi \(x=10\)
\(C=\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\)
\(C=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(C_{min}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-3;1\right)\)
a) x2 +x +1 = x2 + x + 1/4 + 3/4 =(x+1/2)2 + 3/4
=> GTNN a) =3/4 khi x=-1/2
b) 4x2 +4x -5 = 4x2 + 4x +1 -6 = (2x+1)2-6
=> GTNN b) = -6 khi x=-1/2
c) (x-3)(x+5) +4 = x2+2x -11 = x2+2x +1-12=(x+1)2-12
GTNN c) =12 khi x=-1
d) x2-4x+y2-8y+6=x2-4x+4+y2-8y+16-14=(x-2)2+(y-4)2-14
GTNN d) =-14 khi x=2 , y=4
\(a,=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(b,=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)-6=\left(2x+1\right)^2-6\ge-6\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(c,=x^2+2x-15+4=\left(x+1\right)^2-12\ge-12\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(d,=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)-14=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14\ge-14\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)