1: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{z}{6}=\frac{x-2y+4z}{20-2\cdot9+4\cdot6}=\frac{13}{26}=\frac12\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=20\cdot\frac12=10\\ y=9\cdot\frac12=\frac92\\ z=6\cdot\frac12=3\end{cases}\)

2: \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}\)

mà 2x+3y-z=186

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}=\frac{2x+3y-z}{2\cdot15+3\cdot20-28}=\frac{186}{62}=3\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=3\cdot15=45\\ y=3\cdot20=60\\ z=3\cdot28=84\end{cases}\)

3: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2y}{5}=\frac{4z}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{2,5}=\frac{z}{1,75}\)

mà 3x+5y+7z=123

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{2,5}=\frac{z}{1,75}=\frac{3x+5y+7z}{3\cdot2+5\cdot2,5+7\cdot1,75}=\frac{123}{30,75}=4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=4\cdot2=8\\ y=4\cdot2,5=10\\ z=4\cdot1,75=7\end{cases}\)

4: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2y}{3}=\frac{3z}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{\frac32}=\frac{z}{\frac43}\)

Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{\frac32}=\frac{z}{\frac43}=k\)

=>\(x=2k;y=\frac32k;z=\frac43k\)

xyz=-108

=>\(2k\cdot\frac32k\cdot\frac43k=-108\)

=>\(4k^3=-108\)

=>\(k^3=-27\)

=>k=-3

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot\left(-3\right)=-6\\ y=\frac32\cdot\left(-3\right)=-\frac92\\ z=\frac43\cdot\left(-3\right)=-4\end{cases}\)

a: \(\Leftrightarrow-15x+10=-7x+14\)

=>-8x=4

hay x=-1/2

\(a,\dfrac{2-3x}{x-2}=-\dfrac{7}{5}\left(x\ne2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow14-7x=10-15x\\ \Leftrightarrow8x=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-2\left(tm\right)\\ c,\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{5}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}=\dfrac{2x-2+3y-6-z+3}{2\cdot2+5\cdot3-4}=\dfrac{45}{15}=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=6\\y-2=15\\z-3=12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=17\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\\ d,\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{1}=\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{6x+7y+8z}{24+84+120}=\dfrac{456}{228}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=24\\z=30\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)\(\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|2y-4z\right|=0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|\ge0\forall x;y\\\left|2y-4z\right|\ge0\forall y;z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|2y-4z\right|\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|=0\\\left|2y-4z\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=3y\\2y=4z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}\\\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}\\\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{6+4+2}=\dfrac{7}{12}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{12}.6=\dfrac{7}{2}\\y=\dfrac{7}{12}.4=\dfrac{7}{3}\\z=\dfrac{7}{12}.2=\dfrac{7}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)\(\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-3\right|+\left|x-4\right|=0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|\ge0\\\left|x-3\right|\ge0\\\left|x-4\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-3\right|+\left|x-4\right|\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-2\right|=0\\\left|x-3\right|=0\\\left|x-4\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì \(2\ne3\ne4\) nên \(x\in\varnothing\)

c)

\(\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+...+\left|x+8\right|+\left|x+9\right|\)

Với mọi \(x\ge0\) ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+1\right|=x+1\\\left|x+2\right|=x+2\\\left|x+8\right|=x+8\\\left|x+9\right|=x+9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+x+2+...+x+8+x+9=x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x+90=x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x=x-89\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8x=89\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{89}{-8}\left(KTM\right)\)

Với mọi \(x< 0\) ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-x-1\\x+2=-x-2\\x+8=-x-8\\x+9=-x-9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(-x-1\right)+\left(-x-2\right)+...+\left(-x-8\right)+\left(-x-9\right)=x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-9x-90=x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-9x=x+89\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-10x=89\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{89}{-10}\left(TM\right)\)

d)\(\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|5y-2z\right|+\left|2z-6\right|=0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|\ge0\\ \left|5y-2z\right|\ge0\\ \left|2z-6\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-3y\right|+\left|5y-2z\right|+\left|2z-6\right|\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|2x-3y\right|=0\\\left|5y-2z\right|=0\\\left|2z-6\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=3\\y=\dfrac{6}{5}\\x=\dfrac{9}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

x² + 2x + y² - 6y + 4z² - 4z + 11 = 0

<=> ( x² + 2x + 1 ) + ( y² - 6y + 9 ) + ( 4z² - 4z + 1 ) = 0

<=> ( x + 1 )² + ( y - 3 )² + ( 2z - 1 )² = 0 (*)

Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\forall y\\\left(2z-1\right)^2\ge0\forall z\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+\left(2z-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tức (*) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\y-3=0\\2z-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=3\\z=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

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