Cho 3 số a,b,c thỏa mãn:
a2 + b2 + c2 = a3 + b3 + c3 = 1
Tính S =a2 + b2017 + c2018 ☠ ☠ ☠
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Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
a: \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\)
\(=a^3-ab^2+a^2b-b^3+b^3-bc^2-b^2c+c^3+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\)
\(=a^3+c^3-ab^2-b^2c+a^2b-bc^2+\left(c+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-ac+a^2\right)-b^2\left(c+a\right)-b\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+a\right)^2\cdot\left(c-a\right)\)
=(c+a)\(\left(c^2-ac+a^2-b^2-bc+ba+c^2-a^2\right)\)
=(c+a)\(\left(2c^2-2a^2-b^2-ac-bc+ba\right)\)
b: \(a^3\left(b-c\right)+b^3\left(c-a\right)+c^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(b-c\right)+b^3\left(c-b+b-a\right)+c^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(b-c\right)-b^3\left(b-c\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)+c^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b^3-c^3\right)\)
=(b-c)(a-b)\(\left(a^2+ab+b^2-b^2+bc-c^2\right)\)
=(b-c)(a-b)\(\left(a^2+ab+bc-c^2\right)\)
=(b-c)(a-b)\(\left\lbrack\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)\right\rbrack\)
=(b-c)(a-b)(a+c)(a-c+b)
a )
`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`
`=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2`
`=a^3+b^3 =VT (đpcm)`
b)
b) Ta có
`VT=a3+b3+c3−3abc`
`=(a+b)3−3ab(a+b)+c3−3abc`
`=[(a+b)3+c3]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)[(a+b)2+c2−c(a+b)]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+2ab+c2−ac−bc−3ab)`
`=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)=VP`
a) Ta có:
`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`
`=a^3 + b^3+3ab ( a + b )- 3ab ( a + b )`
`=a^3 + b^3=VT(dpcm)`
b) Ta có
`VT=a^3+b^3+c^3−3abc`
`=(a+b)^3−3ab(a+b)+c^3−3abc`
`=[(a+b)^3+c^3]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2+c^2−c(a+b)]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+2ab+c^2−ac−bc−3ab)`
`=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2−ab−bc−ca)=VP`
a: Sửa đề: A=ab(a-b)+bc(b-c)+ca(c-a)
\(=a^2b-ab^2+b^2c-bc^2+ca\left(c-a\right)\)
\(=b\left(a^2-c^2\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)-ac\left(a-c\right)\)
=b(a-c)(a+c)\(-b^2\left(a-c\right)-ac\left(a-c\right)\)
=(a-c)\(\left(ba+bc-b^2-ac\right)\)
=(a-c)[b(a-b)-c(a-b)]
=(a-c)(a-b)(b-c)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b+c-a\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a\left(a+b+c\right)+a^2\right\rbrack-\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2-bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc+a^2+ab+ac+a^2\right)\) -(b+c)(\(b^2-bc+c^2\) )
=(b+c)\(\left(3a^2+b^2+c^2+3ab+3ac+2bc-b^2+bc-c^2\right)\)
=(b+c)(\(3a^2+3ab+3ac+3bc\) )
=3(b+c)[a(a+b)+c(a+b)]
=3(b+c)(a+b)(a+c)
\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2abc-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+\left[ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2-a^3-b^3-c^3\right]\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)+ab^2+a^2b-a^3-b^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(ab^2-b^3\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(=-\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b-c\right)+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
=>ab+bc+ac=0
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3}{\left(abc\right)^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(ac\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
=>\(\left(-ac\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(-ac\right)+\left(ac\right)^3-3\left(abc\right)^2=0\)
=>\(-a^3c^3+a^3c^3+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
=>0=0(đúng)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2\le1\\b^2\le1\\c^2\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|a\right|\le1\\\left|b\right|\le1\\\left|c\right|\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3\le a^2\\b^3\le b^2\\c^3\le c^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(\Rightarrow S=0+0+1=1\)