Bài 2: 

a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)

b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)

c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)

d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)

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a: xy+2x-3y=14

=>x(y+2)-3y-6=8

=>(x-3)(y+2)=8

=>(x-3;y+2)∈{(1;8);(8;1);(-1;-8);(-8;-2);(2;4);(4;2);(-2;-4);(-4;-2)}

=>(x;y)∈{(4;6);(11;-1);(2;-10);(-5;-4);(5;2);(7;0);(1;-6);(-1;-4)}

b: 2xy+5y-3x=18

=>y(2x+5)-3x-7,5=18-7,5

=>2y(x+2,5)-3(x+2,5)=10,5

=>(x+2,5)(2y-3)=10,5

=>(2x+5)(2y-3)=21

=>(2x+5;2y-3)∈{(1;21);(21;1);(-1;-21);(-21;-1);(3;7);(7;3);(-3;-7);(-7;-3)}

=>(2x;2y)∈{(-4;24);(16;4);(-6;-18);(-26;2);(-2;10);(2;6);(-8;-4);(-12;0)}

=>(x;y)∈{(-2;12);(8;2);(-3;-9);(-13;1);(-1;5);(1;3);(-4;-2);(-6;0)}

a, \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3,2y-6\in Z\\x-3,2y-6\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy không có x,y thỏa mãn đề bài 

b, tương tự câu a

 \(c,xy-5x+2y=7\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2y-10=-3\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2\left(y-5\right)=-3\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-5\right)=-3\)

Rồi làm tương tự câu a

\(d,xy-3x-4y=5\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4y+12=17\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4\left(y-3\right)=17\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)=17\)

Rồi làm tương tự câu a