Tìm GTNN, GTLN của \(y=-4cos^2x+2sinx+3\)
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\(y=4\left(1-sin^2x\right)+2sinx+2=-4sin^2x+2sinx+6\)
Đặt \(sinx=t\in\left[-1;1\right]\Rightarrow y=f\left(t\right)=-4t^2+2t+6\)
\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{4}\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=0\) ; \(f\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}\); \(f\left(1\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\) khi \(sinx=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(y_{min}=0\) khi \(sinx=-1\)
Ta có: \(y=4cos^2x+2sinx+2=4-4sin^2x+2sinx+2=-4sin^2x+2sinx+6=-\left(4sin^2x-2sinx+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}-6\right)=-\left(2sin^2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{16}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(2sin^2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\le0\Rightarrow y\le\dfrac{97}{16}\)
Vậy \(y_{max}=\dfrac{97}{16}\)
Bài 1:
1: \(y=\frac{\sin x+2\cdot cosx+1}{2\cdot\sin x+cosx+3}\)
=>\(2y\cdot\sin x+y\cdot cosx+3y=\sin x+2\cdot cosx+1\)
=>\(\left(2y-1\right)\cdot\sin x+cosx\cdot\left(y-2\right)=1-3y\)
Để phương trình có nghiệm thì \(\left(2y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2>=\left(1-3y\right)^2\)
=>\(4y^2-4y+1+y^2-4y+4\ge9y^2-6y+1\)
=>\(5y^2-8y+5-9y^2+6y-1\ge0\)
=>\(-4y^2-2y+4\ge0\)
=>\(y^2+\frac12y-1\le0\)
=>\(y^2+2\cdot y\cdot\frac14+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{17}{16}\le0\)
=>\(\left(y+\frac14\right)^2\le\frac{17}{16}\)
=>\(-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\le y+\frac14\le\frac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\)
=>\(\frac{-\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\le y\le\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\)
=>\(y_{\min}=\frac{-\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\) và \(y_{\max}=\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\)
2: \(y=2\cdot\sin^2x-3\cdot\sin x\cdot cosx+cos^2x\)
\(=2\cdot\frac{1-cos2x}{2}-3\cdot\frac12\cdot\sin2x+\frac{1+cos2x}{2}\)
\(=1-cos2x-\frac32\cdot\sin2x+\frac12+\frac12\cdot cos2x\)
\(=-\frac32\cdot\sin2x-\frac12\cdot cos2x+\frac32=-\frac12\left(3\cdot\sin2x+cos2x-3\right)\)
\(=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}}\cdot\sin2x+\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}}\cdot cos2x-\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\left\lbrack\sin\left(2x+\alpha\right)-\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}}\right\rbrack\) , với \(cosa=\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}};\sin a=\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}}\)
\(=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\sin\left(2x+\alpha\right)+\frac32\)
Ta có: \(-1\le\sin\left(2x+a\right)\le1\)
=>\(-1\cdot\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\ge\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\sin\left(2x+a\right)\ge1\cdot\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\le\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\sin\left(2x+a\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}+\frac32\le\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\sin\left(2x+a\right)+\frac32\le\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}+\frac32\)
=>\(y_{\min}=\frac{-\sqrt{10}+3}{2};y_{\max}=\frac{\sqrt{10}+3}{2}\)
\(y=\left|2sin^2x-sinx-1\right|-2sinx\)
Đặt \(sinx=t\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow y=f\left(t\right)=\left|2t^2-t-1\right|-2t\)
BBT cho \(f\left(t\right)\) trên \(\left[-1;1\right]\):

Từ BBT ta thấy \(y_{max}=4\) khi \(sinx=-1\); \(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(sinx=1\)
\(y=-5\left(1-sin^2x\right)+2sinx+8=5sin^2x+2sinx+3\)
\(y=5\left(sinx+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\frac{14}{5}\ge\frac{14}{5}\)
\(y_{min}=\frac{14}{5}\) khi \(sinx=-\frac{1}{5}\)
\(y=\left(5sinx+7\right)\left(sinx-1\right)+10\le10\)
\(y_{max}=10\) khi \(sinx=1\)
a.\(-1\le cosx\le1\Rightarrow-4\le y=3cosx-1\le2\)
b.-1 \(\le sinx\le1\)\(\Rightarrow3\le y=5+2sinx\le7\)
c.\(\sqrt{3-1}\le\sqrt{3+cos2x}\le\sqrt{3+1}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}\le y\le2\)
d.\(y=\sqrt{5sinx-1}+2\le\sqrt{5.1-1}+2=4\)
\(y=\sqrt{5sinx-1}+2\ge2\) . " = " \(\Leftrightarrow sinx=\dfrac{1}{5}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=arcsin\left(\dfrac{1}{5}\right)+2k\pi\\x=\pi-arcsin\left(\dfrac{1}{5}\right)+2k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) ( k thuộc Z )




Lời giải:
\(y=-4\cos ^2x+2\sin x+3=-4(1-\sin ^2x)+2\sin x+3=4\sin ^2x+2\sin x-1\)
Đặt \(\sin x=t(t\in [-1;1])\) thì:
\(y=4t^2+2t-1\)
\(y'=8t+2=0\Leftrightarrow t=-\frac{1}{4}\)
Lập BBT. Với các giá trị \(y(\frac{-1}{4})=\frac{-5}{4}; y(-1)=1; y(1)=5\) ta thấy:
\(y_{\max}=5\Leftrightarrow t=1\Leftrightarrow x=2k\pi +\frac{\pi}{2}\)
\(y_{\min}=\frac{-5}{4}\Leftrightarrow t=\frac{-1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=2k\pi -2\tan ^{-1}(4\pm \sqrt{15})\)