xy + 3x - 7y = 21

=> xy + 3x - 7y - 21 = 0

=> x.(y + 3) - 7.(y + 3) = 0

=> (y + 3) . (x - 7) = 0

+) y + 3 = 0 => y = -3; x thuộc Z

+) x - 7 = 0 => x = 7; y thuộc Z

+) y + 3 = x - 7 = 0 => y = -3; x = 7

=>y(x-7)=3(7-x)

=>y(x-7)-3(7-x)=0

=>(x-7)(y+3)=0

=>x=7 và y=-3

1.

\(2\left|x\right|+3\left|y\right|=13\Rightarrow\left|x\right|=\dfrac{13-3\left|y\right|}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|y\right|\le\dfrac{13}{3}\\\left|y\right|\text{ là số lẻ}\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\Rightarrow\left|y\right|=\left\{1;3\right\}\)

- Với \(\left|y\right|=1\Rightarrow\left|x\right|=5\Rightarrow\) có 4 cặp

- Với \(\left|y\right|=3\Rightarrow\left|x\right|=2\) có 4 cặp

Tổng cộng có 8 cặp số nguyên thỏa mãn

2.

\(x\left(y+3\right)=7y+21+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y+3\right)-7\left(y+3\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(y+3\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(6;-4\right);\left(8;-2\right)\) có 2 cặp

\(xy-x-2y=21\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(y-1\right)=21+2y\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2y+21}{y-1}\)

Vì \(x\) là số nguyên nên \(\left(2y+21\right)⋮\left(y-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2y-2+23\right)⋮\left(y-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow23⋮\left(y-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y-1\inƯ\left(23\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow y-1\in\left\{1;-1;23;-23\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow y\in\left\{2;0;24;-22\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{25;-21;3;1\right\}\)

-Vậy các cặp số \(\left(x;y\right)\) là \(\left(2;25\right)\), \(\left(0;-21\right)\), \(\left(24;-21\right)\), \(\left(-22;1\right)\).

tham khảo

Khi x=-1 thì ta sẽ có:

\(\left(-1\right)^2-\left(-1\right)\cdot y+3\cdot\left(-1\right)-y=5\)

=>1+y-3-y=5

=>-2=5(vô lý)

=>x<>-1

\(x^2-xy+3x-y=5\)

=>\(x^2+3x-y\left(x+1\right)=5\)

=>\(y\left(x+1\right)=x^2+3x-5\)

=>\(y=\frac{x^2+3x-5}{x+1}\)

Để x,y là các số nguyên thì \(x^2+3x-5\) ⋮x+1

=>\(x^2+x+2x+2-7\) ⋮x+1

=>-7⋮x+1

=>x+1∈{1;-1;7;-7}

=>x∈{0;-2;6;-8}

Khi x=0 thì \(y=\frac{x^2+3x-5}{x+1}=\frac{0^2+3\cdot0-5}{0+1}=\frac{-5}{1}=-5\) (nhận)

Khi x=-2 thì \(y=\frac{x^2+3x-5}{x+1}=\frac{\left(-2\right)^2+3\cdot\left(-2\right)-5}{-2+1}=\frac{4-6-5}{-1}=\frac{-7}{-1}=7\) (nhận)

Khi x=6 thì \(y=\frac{x^2+3x-5}{x+1}=\frac{6^2+3\cdot6-5}{6+1}=\frac{36+18-5}{7}=\frac{49}{7}=7\) (nhận)

Khi x=-8 thì \(y=\frac{x^2+3x-5}{x+1}=\frac{\left(-8\right)^2+3\cdot\left(-8\right)-5}{-8+1}=\frac{64-24-5}{-7}=\frac{35}{-7}=-5\) (nhận)

x² - xy + 3x - y = 5

\(\Leftrightarrow\) x(x - y) + x - y + 2x = 5

\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x - y)(x + 1) + 2x + 2 = 7

\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x - y)(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) = 7

\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x - y + 2)(x + 1) = 7

Vì x, y \(\in\) Z nên (x - y + 2)(x + 1) \(\in\) Z

Xét các TH:

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+2=7\\x+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2-y=7\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) (TM)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+2=-7\\x+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2-y+2=-7\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) (TM)

TH3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+2=1\\x+1=7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-y+2=1\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) (TM)

TH4: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+2=-1\\x+1=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-8-y+2=-1\\x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-8\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) (TM)

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