Chọn A

Phương pháp: Tìm công thức số hạng tổng quát

Cách giải: Ta có:

u ( 1 ) = 1

u ( 2 ) = u ( 1 ) + u ( 1 ) = 2 u ( 1 ) + 1

u ( 3 ) = u ( 2 ) + u ( 1 ) = 3 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2

u ( 4 ) = u ( 3 ) + u ( 1 ) = 4 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2 + 3

. . .

u ( 2017 ) = u ( 2016 ) + u ( 1 ) = 2017 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2 + 3 . . . + 2016

⇒ u ( 2017 ) = 1 + 2 + 3 . . . + 2016 + 2017 = 2035153

 Đặt \(v_n=u_n-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3u_n+\dfrac{n-3}{n^2+n}\right)\rightarrow v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{4}v_n\\ \rightarrow v_n=v_1\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}=2\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}\\ \rightarrow u_n=2\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{n}\\ \rightarrow u_{2021}=\dfrac{4042.3^{2020}+4^{2020}}{4^{2020}.2021}\)

\(\begin{cases} u_1 = 4 \\ u_{n+1} = \frac{3n}{n+1} u_n - \frac{2n^2 + 6n + 3}{n^2 (n+1)^3} \end{cases}\)

=>\(\frac{(n+1) u_{n+1}}{3^{n+1}} = \frac{n u_n}{3^n} - \frac{2n^2 + 6n + 3}{3^{n+1} \cdot n^2 (n+1)^2}\)

Đặt \(v_n = \frac{n u_n}{3^n}\)

=>\(\) \(v_1 = \frac{1 \cdot 4}{3^1} = \frac{4}{3}\)

Hệ thức sẽ trở thành:

\(v_{n+1} - v_n = -\frac{2n^2 + 6n + 3}{3^{n+1} \cdot n^2 (n+1)^2}\)

\(\frac{2n^2 + 6n + 3}{3^{n+1} n^2 (n+1)^2} = \frac{3(n+1)^2 - n^2}{3^{n+1} n^2 (n+1)^2} = \frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2} - \frac{1}{3^{n+1} (n+1)^2}\)

=>\(v_{n+1} - v_n = \frac{1}{3^{n+1} (n+1)^2} - \frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2}\)

Cộng các sai phân tử từ 1 đến n-1, ta có:

\(\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} (v_{k+1} - v_k) = \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \left( \frac{1}{3^{k+1} (k+1)^2} - \frac{1}{3^k \cdot k^2} \right)\)

=>\(v_n - v_1 = \frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2} - \frac{1}{3^1 \cdot 1^2}\)

\(v_n - \frac{4}{3} = \frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2} - \frac{1}{3} \implies v_n = 1 + \frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2}\)

=>\(\frac{n u_n}{3^n}=1+\frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2}\)

=>\(u_{n}=\frac{3^n}{n}+\frac{1}{n^3}\)

\(\frac{n u_n}{4} = \frac{3^n \cdot v_n}{4} = \frac{3^n}{4} \left( 1 + \frac{1}{3^n \cdot n^2} \right) = \frac{3^n}{4} + \frac{1}{4n^2}\)

=>\(\lim \left( \frac{n u_n}{4} \right) = +\infty\)

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{n+4}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}+\dfrac{2}{n+2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{3}{n+1+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}\right)\)

Đặt \(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n+1}\)

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}u_n+\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow u_{n+1}-2=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(u_n-2\right)\)

Đặt \(u_n-2=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-2=1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(q=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow v_n=1.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{n-1}=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=v_n+2=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{n-1}+2\)

\(u_n=\dfrac{2n-5}{4n-6}\)