$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=\frac{x-2y+3z}{2-2.3+3.5}=\frac{38}{11}$

$\Rightarrow \begin{array}{c}x=\frac{38}{11}.2=\frac{76}{11}\\ y=\frac{38}{11}.3=\frac{114}{11}\\ z=\frac{38}{11}.5=\frac{190}{11}\end{array}$

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{3z}{15}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{3z}{15}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{2-6+15}=\dfrac{38}{11}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{76}{11}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{114}{11}\)

\(\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{38}{11}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{190}{11}\)

\(a,\dfrac{12}{5}=\dfrac{x}{1,5}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{12\cdot1,5}{5}=3,6\\ b,\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{3}{20}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5\cdot3}{20}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ c,\dfrac{4}{x}=\dfrac{10}{9}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{4\cdot9}{10}=\dfrac{18}{5}\\ d,\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{60}{x}\Rightarrow x^2=60\cdot15=900\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\x=-30\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2,\)

a, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{3+5-6}=\dfrac{8}{2}=4\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=20\\z=24\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{3-5+6}=\dfrac{-4}{4}=-1\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-5\\z=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{2y}{10}=\dfrac{3z}{18}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{3-10+18}=\dfrac{-33}{11}=-3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-9\\y=-15\\z=-18\end{matrix}\right.\)

d, Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}=k\Rightarrow x=3k;y=5k;z=6k\)

\(x^2-4y^2+2z^2=-475\\ \Rightarrow9k^2-100k^2+72z^2=-475\\ \Rightarrow-19k^2=-475\\ \Rightarrow k^2=25\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=5\\k=-5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=15;y=25;z=30\\x=-15;y=-25;z=-30\end{matrix}\right.\)

`x : y : z= 3:4:5`

`=> x/3 = y/4 = z/5 <=> x^2/9 = y^2/16 = z^2/25`

Áp dụng dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

`x^2/9 = y^2/16 = z^2/25 = (2x^2 + 2y^2 - 3z^2)/(18 + 32 - 75) = -100/-25 = 4`.

`=> {(x^2/9 = 4 => x = +-6), (y^2/16 =4 <=> x = +-8), (z^2/25 = 4 => z = +-10):}`

Vậy ...

1: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{z}{6}=\frac{x-2y+4z}{20-2\cdot9+4\cdot6}=\frac{13}{26}=\frac12\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=20\cdot\frac12=10\\ y=9\cdot\frac12=\frac92\\ z=6\cdot\frac12=3\end{cases}\)

2: \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}\)

mà 2x+3y-z=186

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}=\frac{2x+3y-z}{2\cdot15+3\cdot20-28}=\frac{186}{62}=3\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=3\cdot15=45\\ y=3\cdot20=60\\ z=3\cdot28=84\end{cases}\)

3: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2y}{5}=\frac{4z}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{2,5}=\frac{z}{1,75}\)

mà 3x+5y+7z=123

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{2,5}=\frac{z}{1,75}=\frac{3x+5y+7z}{3\cdot2+5\cdot2,5+7\cdot1,75}=\frac{123}{30,75}=4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=4\cdot2=8\\ y=4\cdot2,5=10\\ z=4\cdot1,75=7\end{cases}\)

4: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2y}{3}=\frac{3z}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{\frac32}=\frac{z}{\frac43}\)

Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{\frac32}=\frac{z}{\frac43}=k\)

=>\(x=2k;y=\frac32k;z=\frac43k\)

xyz=-108

=>\(2k\cdot\frac32k\cdot\frac43k=-108\)

=>\(4k^3=-108\)

=>\(k^3=-27\)

=>k=-3

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot\left(-3\right)=-6\\ y=\frac32\cdot\left(-3\right)=-\frac92\\ z=\frac43\cdot\left(-3\right)=-4\end{cases}\)

\(\left|x-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\frac{4}{5}=\left[\left(-3,2\right)+\frac{2}{5}\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\frac{4}{5}=\left[-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{2}{5}\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\frac{4}{5}=-\frac{11}{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{3}\right|=-\frac{11}{10}-\frac{4}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{3}\right|=-\frac{19}{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{19}{10}\\x-\frac{1}{3}=-\frac{19}{10}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{67}{30}\\x=-\frac{47}{30}\end{cases}}\)

Bạn ơi còn b,c nữa 

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+2y+3z\right)=-5\\y\left(x+2y+3z\right)=27\\z\left(x+2y+3z\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{-5}=x+2y+3z\\\dfrac{y}{27}=x+2y+3z\\\dfrac{z}{5}=x+2y+3z\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-5}=\dfrac{y}{27}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{-27}{5}x\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(x\left(x+2y+3z\right)=-5\Rightarrow x\left(x+2.\dfrac{-27}{5}x-3x\right)=-5\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-64}{5}x^2=-5\Rightarrow x^2=\dfrac{25}{64}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{8}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{8}\\y=-\dfrac{27}{5}x=-\dfrac{27}{8}\\z=-x=-\dfrac{5}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

bài 2 :

ta có x:y:z=3:5:(-2)

=>x/3=y/5=z/-2

=>5x/15=y/5=3z/-6

áp dụng tc dãy ... ta có :

5x/15=y/5=3z/-6=5x-y+3z/15-5+(-6)=-16/4=-4

=>x/3=-=>x=-12

=>y/5=-4=>y=-20

=>z/-2=-4=>z=8

1.

Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=5k\end{cases}}\)

Ta có\(x-2y+3z=22\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2k-6k+15k=22\)

\(\Leftrightarrow11k=22\Leftrightarrow k=2\)

Do đó  \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{2}=2\Leftrightarrow x=4\\\frac{y}{3}=2\Leftrightarrow y=6\\\frac{z}{5}=2\Leftrightarrow z=10\end{cases}}\)

2.

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=\frac{x^2}{4}=\frac{y^2}{9}=\frac{z^2}{25}=\frac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{4+9-25}=\frac{150}{-12}=-\frac{25}{2}\)

Ta có

 \(\frac{x}{2}=-\frac{25}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=2.\left(-25\right):2=-25\)

\(\frac{y}{3}=-\frac{25}{2}\Leftrightarrow y=3.\left(-25\right):2=-\frac{75}{2}\)

\(\frac{z}{5}=-\frac{25}{2}\Leftrightarrow z=5.\left(-25\right):2=-\frac{125}{2}\)

Thử lại ko đúng cách đặt thì \(k^2=-\frac{25}{2}\left(ktm\right)\) mình nghĩ đề sai