19B (tế bào sinh dục gồm: tb sinh dục sơ khai có bộ NST tồn tại thành từng cặp tương đồng;  giao tử có bộ NST tồn tại thành từng chiếc đơn lẻ)

20C

20 . A

Bài 1:

a: ĐKXĐ: x>=0; x<>1

\(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)

\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2-3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1+x-2\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{2x-3\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

b: Thay x=9 vào P, ta được:

\(P=\frac{2\cdot3-1}{3+1}=\frac{6-1}{4}=\frac54\)

c: \(P=\frac12\)

=>\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac12\)

=>\(4\sqrt{x}-2=\sqrt{x}+1\)

=>3\(\sqrt{x}\) =3

=>\(\sqrt{x}=1\)

=>x=1(loại)

d: Để P nguyên thì 2\(\sqrt{x}-1\) ⋮\(\sqrt{x}+1\)

=>\(2\sqrt{x}+2-3\) ⋮\(\sqrt{x}+1\)

=>-3⋮\(\sqrt{x}+1\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}+1\in\left\lbrace1;3\right\rbrace\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left\lbrace0;2\right\rbrace\)

=>x∈{0;4}

e: P<1

=>P-1<0

=>\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1-\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}<0\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}-2<0\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}<2\)

=>0<=x<4

Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: 0<=x<4 và x<>1

\(b,\dfrac{\sqrt{12}-\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{30}-\sqrt{15}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{15}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{15}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{5}}\)

\(d,\dfrac{ab-bc}{\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}\right)}=\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}=\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)

\(e,\left(a\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}+2\sqrt{ab}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)\sqrt{ab}\)

\(=a\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{2b.\sqrt{ab}}{b}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)\sqrt{ab}\)

\(=a\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a+2b\sqrt{ab}}+b\sqrt{a^2}\)

\(=a\sqrt{a^2+2ab\sqrt{ab}}+ab\)

\(=a\left(\sqrt{a^2+2ab\sqrt{ab}}+b\right)\)

\(f,\left(\dfrac{1-a\sqrt{a}}{1-\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{1+a\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{a}}-\sqrt{a}\right)\)

\(=\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1-\sqrt{a}\right)\)

\(=\left(a+2\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-2\sqrt{a}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)^2=a^2-2a+1\)

b.

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}cosx-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=-\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\x=-\pi+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{5}sinx-\dfrac{4}{5}cosx=1\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{3}{5}=cosa\) với \(a\in\left(0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{5}=sina\)

Pt trở thành:

\(sinx.cosa-cosx.sina=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x-a\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-a=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=a+\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)

e:

\(E=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{20}}{2-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{7}}{1-\sqrt{3}}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}\)

\(=\left(-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}{2-\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{7}\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)}{1-\sqrt{3}}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}{1}\)

\(=-\left(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\right)\)

=-2

f: \(F=\sqrt{3}+1+2-\sqrt{3}=3\)

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