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PT trên vô nghiệm

a: Ta có: \(x^2+3x+4=0\)

\(\text{Δ}=3^2-4\cdot1\cdot4=9-16=-7< 0\)

Do đó: Phương trình vô nghiệm

\(x^4+5x^3-8x-40=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x+5\right)-8\left(x+5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-8\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)

Ta có : \(x^2+2x+4=x^2+2x+1+3=\left(x+1\right)^2+3\ge3\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+5=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x^4+5x^3-8x-40=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+3x^3-10x^2+2x^3+6x^2-20x+4x^2+12x-40=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+3x-10\right)+2x\left(x^2+3x-10\right)+4\left(x^2+3x-10\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x-10\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+5x-10\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(x-2\right)+5\left(x-2\right)\right]\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=0\)

Dễ thấy: \(x^2+2x+4=x^2+2x+1+3=\left(x+1\right)^2+3>0\) (vô nghiệm)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: \(x^4=5x^2+2x-3\)

=>\(x^4-5x^2-2x+3=0\)

=>\(x^4+x^3-x^2-x^3-x^2+x-3x^2-3x+3=0\)

=>\(\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2-x-3\right)=0\)

TH1: \(x^2+x-1=0\)

=>\(x^2+x+\frac14=\frac54\)

=>\(\left(x+\frac12\right)^2=\frac54\)

=>\(x+\frac12=\pm\frac{\sqrt5}{2}\)

=>\(x=-\frac12\pm\frac{\sqrt5}{2}\)

TH2: \(x^2-x-3=0\)

=>\(x^2-x+\frac14-\frac{13}{4}=0\)

=>\(\left(x-\frac12\right)^2=\frac{13}{4}\)

=>\(x-\frac12=\pm\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2}\)

=>\(x=\frac12\pm\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2}\)

c: \(3x^3+3x^2+3x=-1\)

=>\(x^3+3x^2+3x+1=-2x^3\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)^3=\left(x\cdot\sqrt[3]{-2}\right)^3\)

=>\(x+1=x\cdot\sqrt[3]{-2}\)

=>\(x\left(1-\sqrt[3]{-2}\right)=-1\)

=>\(x=\frac{-1}{1-\sqrt[3]{-2}}\)

d: \(8x^3-12x^2+6x-5=0\)

=>\(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1-4=0\)

=>\(\left(2x-1\right)^3=4\)

=>\(2x-1=\sqrt[3]{4}\)

=>\(2x=1+\sqrt[3]{4}\)

=>\(x=\frac12+\frac12\cdot\sqrt[3]{4}\)

c:

ĐKXĐ: 6-5x>=0

=>5x<=6

=>x<=1,2

\(2\sqrt[3]{3x-2}-3\cdot\sqrt{6-5x}+16=0\)

=>\(2\cdot\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+4+12-3\cdot\sqrt{6-5x}=0\)

=>\(2\cdot\left(\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+2\right)+3\left(4-\sqrt{6-5x}\right)=0\)

=>\(2\cdot\frac{3x-2+8}{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-2\right)^2}-2\cdot\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+4}+3\cdot\frac{16-6+5x}{4+\sqrt{6-5x}}=0\)

=>\(2\cdot\frac{3x+6}{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-2\right)^2}-2\cdot\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+4}+3\cdot\frac{5x+10}{4+\sqrt{6-5x}}=0\)

=>\(\left(2\cdot\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-2\right)^2}-2\cdot\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+4}+3\cdot\frac{5}{4+\sqrt{6-5x}}\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

=>x+2=0

=>x=-2(nhận)

d: ĐKXĐ: x>=1

\(\sqrt[3]{x+6}-2\cdot\sqrt{x-1}=4-x^2\)

=>\(\sqrt[3]{x+6}-2-2\cdot\sqrt{x-1}+2=4-x^2\)

=>\(\frac{x+6-8}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+6\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+6}+4}+2\left(1-\sqrt{x-1}\right)=\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)\)

=>\(\frac{x-2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+6\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+6}+4}+2\cdot\frac{1-x+1}{1+\sqrt{x-1}}=\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)\)

=>\(\frac{x-2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+6\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+6}+4}-2\cdot\frac{x-2}{1+\sqrt{x-1}}-\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)=0\)

=>\(\frac{x-2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+6\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+6}+4}-2\cdot\frac{x-2}{1+\sqrt{x-1}}+\left(x-2\right)\left(2+x\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+6\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+6}+4}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{x-1}}+\left(2+x\right)\right)=0\)

=>x-2=0

=>x=2(nhận)

Điều kiện : \(x\ge-1\)

Xét hàm số trên [\(-1;+\infty\) )  : \(f\left(x\right)=x^3-3x^2-8x+40\)

                                               \(g\left(x\right)=8\sqrt[4]{4x+4}\)

Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có :

\(g\left(x\right)=\sqrt[4]{2^4.2^4.2^4\left(5x+4\right)}\le\frac{2^4+2^4+2^4+\left(4x+4\right)}{4}=x+13\)  (2)

Dấu bằng ở (2) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = 3

Mặt khác :

\(f\left(x\right)-\left(x+13\right)=x^3-3x^2-9x+27=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x+3\right)\ge0\) với mọi \(x\ge-1\)  (3)

Dấu bằng ở (3) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = 3. Ta có :                

  \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)\) (4)

Vậy (4) có nghĩa là dấu bằng ở (2) và (3) đồng thời xảy ra,hay x = 3 (thỏa mãn điều kiện)

Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất x = 3