Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
A= x2 + y2 - 4x - 2y + 12
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Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
Bài 6:
a) Ta có: \(A=-x^2+6x-11\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2\le-2\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3
b) Ta có: \(B=-x^2-8x+5\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-4
c) Ta có: \(C=-x^2+4x+1\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\le5\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2
a: \(M=2x^2-4x+3\)
\(=2x^2-4x+2+1\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1\)
\(=2\left(x-1\right)^2+1>=1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0
=>x=1
b: \(N=x^2-4x+5+y^2+2y^2\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+3y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+3y^2+1>=1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0 và y=0
=>x=2 và y=0
A= x2+2y2-2xy-2x-2y+1015
A = x2 - 2xy - 2x + y2 + 2y + 1 + y2 - 4y + 4 + 1010
A = [x2 - 2x(y + 1) + (y+1)2 ] + (y-2)2 + 1010
A = ( x - y - 1)2 + (y-2)2 + 1010 \(\ge1010\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy MinA = 1010 <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
\(A_{min}=10\) khi \(2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
\(B_{min}=-36\) khi \(x^2+5x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+2=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(C_{min}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
a. \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(A=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+10\)
\(A=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0;\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c.\(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(C=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2\)
\(C=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0;\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0;\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{min}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(-x^2+4x\)
\(=-x^2+4x-4+4\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\le4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
b: \(-x^2+3x-1\)
\(=-x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\frac32-\frac94+\frac54\)
\(=-\left(x-\frac32\right)^2+\frac54\le\frac54\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x-\frac32=0\)
=>x=3/2
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:A=x2-5x+1=\(\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{5}{2}x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{25}{4}+1=\left(x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{21}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\ge0\)
⇒ \(A\ge-\dfrac{21}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(A=x^2+y^2-4x-2y+12\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-2x+1\right)+7\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+7\ge7\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=7\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=1\end{cases}}\)