a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)

a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)

a: Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)

Bài 1: 

$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$

$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$

$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$

$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$

Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$

Áp dụng vào bài:

Nếu $a+b+c=0$

$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$

Nếu $a=b=c$

$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$

có:a+b+c=0 suy ra :a+b= -c(1)

                             (a+b)^3= -c^3

                             a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+3b^3+c^3=0

                             a^3+b^3+c^3+3ab(a+b)=0

                              a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0(Vì a+b= -c)

                             a^3+b^3+c^3       =3abc

Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 1: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\\b^2=a^2+2ac+c^2\\c^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\\b^2-a^2-c^2=2ac\\c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Trường hợp 2: a=b=c

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2-b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2-c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{-2a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{-2b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{-2c^2}=\dfrac{-1}{2}+\dfrac{-1}{2}+\dfrac{-1}{2}=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)

Do \(a+b+c=1\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3abc\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)

Thật vậy, ta có:

\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(c^3+a^3\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2-ca\right)\)

\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(2bc-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(2ca-ca\right)\)

\(=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Bài 3:

a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)

\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0

=>2x=-1

=>\(x=-\frac12\)

b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)

=>x(x+5)=0

=>x=0 hoặc x=-5

c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)

\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0

=>x=1 và y=2

Bài 4:

a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)

\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)

\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0

=>x=-4

b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)

\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)

\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0

=>x=1 và y=-1/2

Bài 5:

a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)

=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)

=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)

=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)

=>a=b=c

b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)

=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)

=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)

=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0

=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2

Bài 1:

a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)

\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)

=100+99+98+87+...+2+1

\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)

b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)

c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(=2c^2\)

Bài 2:

a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)

\(=a^3+b^3\)

b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)

=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)

Bài 3:

a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)

\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0

=>2x=-1

=>\(x=-\frac12\)

b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)

=>x(x+5)=0

=>x=0 hoặc x=-5

c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)

\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0

=>x=1 và y=2

Bài 4:

a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)

\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)

\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0

=>x=-4

b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)

\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)

\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0

=>x=1 và y=-1/2

Bài 5:

a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)

=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)

=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)

=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)

=>a=b=c

b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)

=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)

=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)

=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0

=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2

Bài 1:

a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)

\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)

=100+99+98+87+...+2+1

\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)

b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)

\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)

c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(=2c^2\)

Bài 2:

a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)

\(=a^3+b^3\)

b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)

=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)