Câu 1: A

Câu 21: A

\(16,A\\ 17,C\\ 18,A\\ 19,C\\ 20,A\\ 21,A\)

\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

2:

a: \(3xy^2-3x^3-6xy+3x\)

\(=3x\cdot\left(y^2-2y+1-x^2\right)\)

\(=3x\left\lbrack\left(y-1\right)^2-x^2\right\rbrack\)

=3x(y-1-x)(y-1+x)

b: \(3x^2+11x+6\)

\(=3x^2+9x+2x+6\)

=3x(x+3)+2(x+3)

=(x+3)(3x+2)

c: \(-x^3-4xy^2+4x^2y+16x\)

\(=x\left(16+4xy-4y^2-x^2\right)\)

\(=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\right\rbrack=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x-2y\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=x(4-x+2y)(4+x-2y)

d: \(xz-x^2-yz+2xy-y^2\)

=z(x-y)-\(\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)

=\(z\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2\)

=(x-y)(z-x+y)

e: \(4x^2-y^2-6x+3y\)

=(2x-y)(2x+y)-3(2x-y)

=(2x-y)(2x+y-3)

f: \(x^4-x^3-10x^2+2x+4\)

\(=x^4+2x^3-2x^2-3x^3-6x^2+6x-2x^2-4x+4\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x-2\right)\left(x^2-3x-2\right)\)

g: \(\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)-\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x-1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(25y^2+10y+1\right)\right\rbrack\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(5y+1\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(11-5y-1)(11+5y+1)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(10-5y)(12+5y)

=5(2-y)(x-1)(x^2+1)(5y+12)

a: =(6x)^2-(3x-2)^2

=(6x-3x+2)(6x+3x-2)

=(9x-2)(3x+2)

d: \(=\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)

\(=4x\cdot\left[x^2+2x+1+x^2-2x+1\right]\)

=8x(x^2+1)

e: =(4x)^2-2*4x*3y+(3y)^2

=(4x-3y)^2

f: \(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^4-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\cdot2y^3+4y^6\right)\)

\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x^2-2y^3\right)^2\)

g: =(4x)^3+1^3

=(4x+1)(16x^2-4x+1)

k: =x^3(27x^3-8)

=x^3(3x-2)(9x^2+6x+4)

l: =(x^3-y^3)(x^3+y^3)

=(x-y)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)(x^2+xy+y^2)

$36x^2-(3x-2)^2$

$=[6x-(3x-2)][6x+(3x-2)]$

$=(6x-3x+2)(6x+3x-2)$

$=(3x+2)(9x-2)$

$16(4x+5)^5-25(2x+2)^2$

Câu này không có dạng hằng đẳng thức hiệu hai bình phương vì số mũ của hai phần là $5$ và $2$.

Có thể đặt nhân tử chung $1$ nhưng không phân tích tiếp được bằng các phương pháp thông thường.

$(x-y+4)^2$

Đây đã là một tích:

$(x-y+4)^2=(x-y+4)(x-y+4)$

$(x+1)^4-(x-1)^4$

$=[(x+1)^2-(x-1)^2][(x+1)^2+(x-1)^2]$

$=[x^2+2x+1-x^2+2x-1][x^2+2x+1+x^2-2x+1]$

$=4x(2x^2+2)$

$=8x(x^2+1)$

$16x^2-24xy+9y^2$

$=(4x)^2-2\cdot4x\cdot3y+(3y)^2$

$=(4x-3y)^2$

$-\dfrac{x^4}{4}+2x^2y^3-4y^6$

$=-\dfrac14(x^4-8x^2y^3+16y^6)$

$=-\dfrac14(x^2-4y^3)^2$

$64x^3+1$

$=(4x)^3+1^3$

$=(4x+1)(16x^2-4x+1)$

$x^3y^6z^9-125$

$=(xy^2z^3)^3-5^3$

$=(xy^2z^3-5)(x^2y^4z^6+5xy^2z^3+25)$

$27x^6-8x^3$

$=x^3(27x^3-8)$

$=x^3[(3x)^3-2^3]$

$=x^3(3x-2)(9x^2+6x+4)$

$x^6-y^6$

$=(x^3-y^3)(x^3+y^3)$

$=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)$

$27x^3-54x^2y+36xy^2-8y^3$

$=(3x)^3-3(3x)^2(2y)+3(3x)(2y)^2-(2y)^3$

$=(3x-2y)^3$

$y^9-9x^2y^6+27x^4y^3-27x^6$

$=(y^3)^3-3(y^3)^2(3x^2)+3(y^3)(3x^2)^2-(3x^2)^3$

$=(y^3-3x^2)^3$

a) \(8x^3+27=\left(2x+3\right)\left(4x^2-6x+9\right)\)

b) \(4x^2-4x+1-y^2=\left(2x-1\right)^2-y^2=\left(2x-1-y\right)\left(2x-1+y\right)\)

c) \(x^4-2x^3+x^2-2x=x^3\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)=x\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=x\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

d) \(x^2-4y^2+2x+4y=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)+2\left(x+2y\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y+2\right)\)

a: \(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+5x\left(x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+4x+1\right)\)

a) Ta có: \(x^4+64\)

\(=x^4+16x^2+64-16x^2\)

\(=\left(x^2+8\right)^2-\left(4x\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x^2-4x+8\right)\left(x^2+4x+8\right)\)

b) Ta có: \(81x^4+4y^4\)

\(=81x^4+36x^2y^2+4y^4-36x^2y^2\)

\(=\left(9x^2+2y^2\right)^2-\left(6xy\right)^2\)

\(=\left(9x^2-6xy+2y^2\right)\left(9x^2+6xy+2y^2\right)\)

c) Ta có: \(x^5+x+1\)

\(=x^5+x^2-x^2+x-1\)

\(=x^2\left(x^3+1\right)-\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^3+x^2-1\right)\)

a: \(=x^2\left(x-2\right)\)

b: \(=\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-9\right)\)

\(a,=x^2\left(x-2\right)\\ b,=\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-9\right)\\ c,=\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y+2\right)\left(x+y+2\right)\)