Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của hàm số:
\(y=\sqrt{2x^2-2x+5}+\sqrt{2x^2-4x+4}.\)
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\(2x^2-4x+5=2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+3=2\left(x-1\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow y\ge2+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(y_{min}=2+2\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=1\)
a: \(5-2\cdot cos^2x\cdot\sin^2x\)
\(=5-2\cdot\left(\sin x\cdot cosx\right)^2\)
\(=5-2\cdot\left\lbrack\frac12\cdot2\cdot\sin x\cdot cosx\right\rbrack^2=5-2\cdot\left\lbrack\frac12\cdot\sin2x\right\rbrack^2\)
\(=5-2\cdot\frac14\cdot\sin^22x=-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5\)
\(0\le\sin^22x\le1\)
=>\(0\ge-\frac12\sin^22x\ge-\frac12\)
=>\(0+5\ge-\frac12\sin^22x+5\ge-\frac12+5\)
=>\(5\ge-\frac12\sin^22x+5\ge\frac92\)
=>\(\frac92\le-\frac12\sin^22x+5\le5\)
=>\(\sqrt{\frac92}\le\sqrt{-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5}\le\sqrt5\)
=>\(\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}\le\sqrt{-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5}\le\sqrt5\)
=>\(\frac{2}{3\sqrt2}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt5}\)
=>\(\frac{2\cdot4}{3\sqrt2}\ge\frac{1\cdot4}{\sqrt{-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5}}\ge\frac{1\cdot4}{\sqrt5}\)
=>\(\frac{4\sqrt2}{3}\ge y\ge\frac{4}{\sqrt5}\)
=>\(y_{\max}=\frac{4\sqrt2}{3}\) khi \(-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5=\frac92\)
=>\(-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x=-\frac12\)
=>\(\sin^22x=1\)
=>\(cos^22x=0\)
=>cos2x=0
=>\(2x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
=>\(x=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
\(y_{\min}=\frac{4}{\sqrt5}\) khi \(-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5=5\)
=>\(\sin^22x=0\)
=>sin 2x=0
=>\(2x=k\pi\)
=>\(x=\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
b: \(f\left(x\right)=3\cdot\sin^2x+5\cdot cos^2x-4\cdot cos2x-2\)
\(=3\left(1-cos^2x\right)+5\cdot cos^2x-4\left(2\cdot cos^2x-1\right)-2\)
\(=3-3\cdot cos^2x+5\cdot cos^2x-8\cdot cos^2x+4-2=-6\cdot cos^2x+5\)
Ta có: \(0<=cos^2x\le1\)
=>\(0\ge-6\cdot cos^2x\ge-6\)
=>\(0+5\ge-6\cdot cos^2x+5\ge-6+5\)
=>5>=y>=-1
Do đó: \(y_{\min}=-1\) khi \(-6\cdot cos^2x+5=-1\)
=>\(-6\cdot cos^2x=-6\)
=>\(cos^2x=1\)
=>\(\sin^2x=0\)
=>sin x=0
=>\(x=k\pi\)
y max=5 khi \(-6\cdot cos^2x+5=5\)
=>\(-6\cdot cos^2x=0\)
=>cosx=0
=>\(x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
a: \(5-2\cdot cos^2x\cdot\sin^2x\)
\(=5-2\cdot\left(\sin x\cdot cosx\right)^2\)
\(=5-2\cdot\left(\frac12\cdot\sin2x\right)^2=5-2\cdot\frac14\cdot\sin^22x=-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5\)
Ta có: \(0\le\sin^22x\le1\)
=>\(-\frac12\le-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x\le0\)
=>\(-\frac12+5\le-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5\le0+5\)
=>\(\frac92\le-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5\le5\)
=>\(\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}\le\sqrt{-\frac12\cdot\sin^22x+5}\le\sqrt5\)
=>\(4:\frac{3\sqrt2}{2}\ge\frac{4}{\sqrt{-\frac12\cdot sin^22x+5}}\ge\frac{4}{\sqrt5}\)
=>\(\frac{2\sqrt2}{3}\ge y\ge\frac{4\sqrt5}{5}\)
Do đó: \(y_{\max}=\frac{2\sqrt2}{3}\) khi \(\sin^22x=1\)
=>\(cos^22x=0\)
=>cos2x=0
=>\(2x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
=>\(x=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
\(y_{\min}=\frac{4\sqrt5}{5}\) khi \(\sin^22x=0\)
=>sin 2x=0
=>\(2x=k\pi\)
=>\(x=\frac{k\pi}{2}\)
b: \(f\left(x\right)=3\cdot\sin^2x+5\cdot cos^2x-4\cdot cos2x-2\)
\(=3\cdot\sin^2x+5\cdot cos^2x-4\left(cos^2x-\sin^2x\right)-2\)
\(=3\cdot\sin^2x+5\cdot cos^2x-4\cdot cos^2x+4\cdot\sin^2x-2\)
\(=7\cdot\sin^2x+cos^2x-2=7\cdot\sin^2x+1-\sin^2x-2=6\cdot\sin^2x-1\)
Ta có: \(0\le\sin^2x\le1\)
=>\(0\le6\sin^2x\le6\)
=>\(0-1\le6\sin^2x-1\le6-1\)
=>-1<=f(x)<=5
f(x) min=-1 khi \(\sin^2x=0\)
=>sin x=0
=>\(x=k\pi\)
f(x) max=5 khi \(\sin^2x=1\)
=>\(cos^2x=0\)
=>cosx=0
=>\(x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
Lời giải:
$y=2\sin ^2x+\sqrt{3}\sin 2x=1-\cos 2x+\sqrt{3}\sin 2x$
$=1-(\cos 2x-\sqrt{3}\sin 2x)$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(\cos 2x-\sqrt{3}\sin 2x)^2\leq (\cos ^22x+\sin ^22x)(1+3)=4$
$\Rightarrow \cos 2x-\sqrt{3}\sin 2x\leq 2$
$\Rightarrow y=1-(\cos 2x-\sqrt{3}\sin 2x)\geq -1$
Vậy $y_{\min}=-1$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=\frac{5\pi}{6}+2k\pi$ hoặc $x=\frac{-\pi}{6}+2k\pi$ với $k$ nguyên bất kỳ.
\(y=2cos^2x-2\sqrt{3}sinx.cosx+1\)
\(=2cos^2x-1-2\sqrt{3}sinx.cosx+2\)
\(=cos2x-\sqrt{3}sin2x+2\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sin2x\right)+2\)
\(=2cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)+2\)
Ta có: \(cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow min=0\Leftrightarrow cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=-1\Leftrightarrow2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=\pi+k2\pi\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\pi\)
\(\Rightarrow max=4\Leftrightarrow cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=k2\pi\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)
\(y=2cos^2x-\sqrt{3}sin2x+1=cos2x-\sqrt{3}sin2x+2\)
\(y=2.cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)+2\)
\(\forall x\in R->-1\le cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
=> \(Min_y=2.\left(-1\right)+2=0\)
Mặt khác, theo Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(cos2x+\sqrt{3}sin2x\right)^2\le\left(1^2+\sqrt{3}^2\right)\left(cos^22x+sin^22x\right)=4\)
=>\(Max_y=4\)
Trước hết bằng phép biến đổi tương đương ; ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau:
\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}...\)
Biểu diễn:
\(y=\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{x^2-x+\frac{5}{2}}+\sqrt{x^2-2x+2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}}+\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)^2+1}\right)\)
\(\ge\sqrt{2}\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}+1-x\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{2}+1\right)^2}=\sqrt{13}.\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(y=\sqrt{13}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{4}{5}.\)