a3+b3+c3-3abc=\(\frac{1}{2}\)(a+b+c) [ (a-b)2 + (b-c)2 + (c-a)2 ]
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Do \(a+b+c=1\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3abc\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(c^3+a^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2-ca\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(2bc-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(2ca-ca\right)\)
\(=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
T a c ó : a 3 - b 3 + c 3 + 3 a b c = ( a 3 + c 3 + 3 a 2 c + 3 a c 2 ) - 3 a 2 c - 3 a c 2 + 3 a b c - b 3 = ( a + c ) 3 - b 3 - 3 a c ( a + c - b ) = ( a + c - b ) [ ( a + c ) 2 + b ( a + c ) + b 2 ] - 3 a c ( a + c - b ) = ( a + c - b ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + a b + b c - a c ) ( a + b ) 2 + ( b + c ) 2 + ( c - a ) 2 = ( a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 ) + ( b 2 + 2 b c + c 2 ) + ( c 2 - 2 a c + a 2 ) = 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 + 2 c 2 + 2 a b + 2 b c - 2 a c = 2 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + a b + b c - a c )
= > C = (a + c − b)(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc − ac) 2(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc − ac) = a + c − b 2
Mà a + c - b = 10 nên C = a + c − b 2 = 10 2 = 5
Đáp án D
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 5:
a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)
=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)
=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)
=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0
=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 5:
a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)
=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)
=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)
=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0
=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(2,\\ a,a^3+b^3=a^3=3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\\ b,a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-ab-bc\right)\)
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
a )
`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`
`=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2`
`=a^3+b^3 =VT (đpcm)`
b)
b) Ta có
`VT=a3+b3+c3−3abc`
`=(a+b)3−3ab(a+b)+c3−3abc`
`=[(a+b)3+c3]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)[(a+b)2+c2−c(a+b)]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+2ab+c2−ac−bc−3ab)`
`=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)=VP`
a) Ta có:
`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`
`=a^3 + b^3+3ab ( a + b )- 3ab ( a + b )`
`=a^3 + b^3=VT(dpcm)`
b) Ta có
`VT=a^3+b^3+c^3−3abc`
`=(a+b)^3−3ab(a+b)+c^3−3abc`
`=[(a+b)^3+c^3]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2+c^2−c(a+b)]−3ab(a+b+c)`
`=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+2ab+c^2−ac−bc−3ab)`
`=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2−ab−bc−ca)=VP`
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 1: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\\b^2=a^2+2ac+c^2\\c^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\\b^2-a^2-c^2=2ac\\c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Trường hợp 2: a=b=c
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2-b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2-c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{-2a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{-2b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{-2c^2}=\dfrac{-1}{2}+\dfrac{-1}{2}+\dfrac{-1}{2}=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)
câu này chứng minh à bạn
ta có:1/2(a+b+c)[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2]
=1/2(a+b+c)[a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2]
=1/2(a+b+c)[2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ca)]
=1/2(a+b+c)2(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)
=(a+b+c)[(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ca)]
=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)
=a^3+ab^2+ac^2+ba^2+b^3+bc^2+ca^2+cb^2+c^3-a^2b-abc-a^2c-ab^2-cb^2-abc-abc-bc^2-ac^2
= a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc (đpcm)