Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2019^2}\)< 1
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\(D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D-D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{4^2}-\frac{3}{4^3}-\frac{4}{4^4}-...-\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\right)-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M-M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^3}-\frac{1}{4^4}-...-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}< \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}=\frac{40}{90}< \frac{45}{90}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Làm theo cách của Trắng nha ,
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2019}< \frac{3}{4}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2^2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
...................
\(\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2019}\)\(< \frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}< \frac{3}{4}\)
Điều phải chứng minh
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{2018^2+2019^2}\)
\(2A=\frac{2}{1^2+2^2}+\frac{2}{2^2+3^2}+\frac{2}{3^2+4^2}+...+\frac{2}{2018^2+2019^2}\)
Có \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) ( Cosi cho 2 số dương )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)
Mà 1;2;3;4;...;2019 là những số khác nhau nên dấu "=" không xảy ra
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2A< \frac{2}{2\left(1.2\right)}+\frac{2}{2\left(2.3\right)}+\frac{2}{2\left(3.4\right)}+...+\frac{2}{2\left(2018.2019\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}=1-\frac{1}{2019}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2A< 1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(A< \frac{1}{2}\) ( đpcm )
...
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{2019^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+..+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2019}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2019}=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2019}< \frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{4}\)
a/
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)
\(A=2A-A=1-\frac{1}{2^{100}}< 1\)
b/
\(3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2018}}\)
\(2B=3B-B=1-\frac{1}{3^{2019}}\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{2019}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2019^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+...+\frac{1}{2019.2019}\)
\(A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2019}< 1\)(đpcm)
Vậy A < 1
Ta có : 122<11.2122<11.2
132<12.3132<12.3
142<13.4142<13.4
...
120192<12018.201911002<199.100
=> 122122 + 132132 + ... + 120192
11002 <