h) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\left(1\right)\)\(\left(đk:x,y\ne0\right)\)

Đặt \(a=\dfrac{1}{x},b=\dfrac{1}{y}\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\3a-4b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+3b=6\\3a-4b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\7b=7\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

Thay a,b:

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{y}=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\left(tm\right)\)

1: x:y:z=3:5:(-2)

=>\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{-2}\)

mà 5x-y+3z=-16

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{-2}=\frac{5x-y+3z}{5\cdot3-5+3\cdot\left(-2\right)}=\frac{-16}{15-5-6}=\frac{-16}{10-6}=\frac{-16}{4}=-4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-4\cdot3=-12\\ y=-4\cdot5=-20\\ z=\left(-4\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)=8\end{cases}\)

2: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{-3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{-2}=\frac{y}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}\) (1)

\(\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}\)

mà x+y+z=5,2

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}=\frac{x+y+z}{-8+12+9}=\frac{5.2}{13}=0,4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-8\cdot0,4=-3,2\\ y=12\cdot0,4=4,8\\ z=9\cdot0,4=3,6\end{cases}\)

3: 2x=3y

=>\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}\)

7z=5y

=>\(\frac{z}{5}=\frac{y}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}\)

mà 3x-7y+5z=30

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}=\frac{3x-7y+5z}{3\cdot21-7\cdot14+5\cdot10}=\frac{30}{63-98+50}=\frac{30}{63-48}=\frac{30}{15}=2\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot21=42\\ y=2\cdot14=28\\ z=2\cdot10=20\end{cases}\)

4: 3x=4y=5z

=>\(\frac{3x}{60}=\frac{4y}{60}=\frac{5z}{60}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\)

mà x-(y+z)=-21

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-\left(y+z\right)}{20-\left(15+12\right)}=\frac{-21}{20-\left(27\right)}=\frac{-21}{-7}=3\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=3\cdot20=60\\ y=3\cdot15=45\\ z=3\cdot12=36\end{cases}\)

5: Đặt \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=k\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x-1=2k\\ y-2=3k\\ z-3=4k\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=2k+1\\ y=3k+2\\ z=4k+3\end{cases}\)

2x+3y-z=50

=>2(2k+1)+3(3k+2)-(4k+3)=50

=>4k+2+9k+6-4k-3=50

=>9k+5=50

=>9k=45

=>k=5

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot5+1=11\\ y=3\cdot5+2=15+2=17\\ z=4\cdot5+3=20+3=23\end{cases}\)

1) \(x:y:z=2:3:4\) ⇒ \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\)

⇒ x=4;y=6;z=8

\(1,\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot2=4\\y=2\cdot3=6\\z=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2,\) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{-3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{4x}{8}=\dfrac{3y}{-9}=\dfrac{2z}{8}=\dfrac{4x-3y-2z}{8-\left(-9\right)-8}=\dfrac{81}{9}=9\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot9=18\\y=2\cdot\left(-3\right)=-6\\z=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(3,4y=3z\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8};\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{9+6+8}=\dfrac{46}{23}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot9=18\\y=2\cdot6=12\\z=2\cdot8=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(4,5x=3y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15};\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{3}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{45}=\dfrac{4z}{40}=\dfrac{2x+3y-4z}{18+45-40}=\dfrac{34}{23}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot9=\dfrac{306}{23}\\y=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot15=\dfrac{510}{23}\\z=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot10=\dfrac{340}{23}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: \(B=\dfrac{3y+5}{y-1}-\dfrac{-y^2-4y}{y-1}+\dfrac{y^2+y+7}{y-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{3y+5+y^2+4y+y^2+y+7}{y-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2y^2+8y+12}{y-1}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}=k\)

=>x=15k; y=20k; z=24k

\(A=\dfrac{2\cdot15k+3\cdot20k+4\cdot24k}{3\cdot15k+4\cdot20k+2\cdot24k}=\dfrac{186}{173}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}=\dfrac{2x+3y+4z}{30+60+96}=\dfrac{3x+4y+2z}{45+80+48}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{2x+3y+4z}{3x+4y+2z}=\dfrac{186}{173}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}=k\Rightarrow x=15k;y=20k;z=24k\)

\(M=\dfrac{30k+60k+96k}{45k+80k+120k}=\dfrac{186}{245}\)

4: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{8-12-15}=\dfrac{38}{-19}=-2\)

Do đó: x=-16; y=-24; z=-30

a: \(\dfrac{2x-y}{3x+2y}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow15x+10y=4x-2y\)

=>11x=-12y

=>\(\dfrac{x}{-12}=\dfrac{y}{11}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{-12}=\dfrac{y}{11}=k\)

=>x=-12k; y=11k

\(P=\dfrac{5x+4y}{25x-y}=\dfrac{5\cdot\left(-12k\right)+4\cdot11k}{25\cdot\left(-12k\right)-11k}=\dfrac{16}{311}\)

b: \(\dfrac{x-5y}{x-3y}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

=>4x-12y=3x-15y

=>x=-3y

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{y}{1}=k\)

=>x=-3k; y=k

\(P=\dfrac{x^3+2y^3}{x^3-y^3}=\dfrac{-27k^3+2k^3}{-27k^3-k^3}=\dfrac{-25}{-28}=\dfrac{25}{28}\)

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