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Ta có: \(\frac{ab + ac}{2} = \frac{bc + ba}{3} = \frac{ca + cb}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{a(b + c)}{2} = \frac{b(c + a)}{3} = \frac{c(a + b)}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{a(b + c)}{2abc} = \frac{b(c + a)}{3abc} = \frac{c(a + b)}{4abc}\)

=>\(\frac{b + c}{2bc} = \frac{c + a}{3ca} = \frac{a + b}{4ab}\)

=>\(\frac{b}{2bc} + \frac{c}{2bc} = \frac{c}{3ca} + \frac{a}{3ca} = \frac{a}{4ab} + \frac{b}{4ab}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{2b}=\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3c}=\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4a}\)

=>\(12 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2c} + \frac{1}{2b}\right) = 12 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3a} + \frac{1}{3c}\right) = 12 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4b} + \frac{1}{4a}\right)\)

=>\(\frac{6}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{c}=\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{a}\quad(*)\)

\(\frac{6}{c} + \frac{6}{b} = \frac{4}{a} + \frac{4}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{c}-\frac{4}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{a}\quad(1)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{4}{a} + \frac{4}{c} = \frac{3}{b} + \frac{3}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{4}{a}-\frac{3}{a}+\frac{4}{c}=\frac{3}{b}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{c}=\frac{3}{b}\implies\frac{3}{b}-\frac{1}{a}=\frac{4}{c}\quad(2)\)

\(\frac{6}{c} + \frac{6}{b} = \frac{3}{b} + \frac{3}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{b}-\frac{3}{b}+\frac{6}{c}=\frac{3}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{3}{b}+\frac{6}{c}=\frac{3}{a}\implies\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}=\frac{1}{a}\quad(3)\)

Từ (1),(3) suy ra \(\frac{2}{c} + \frac{6}{b} = 4 \left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{2}{c}\right)\)

=>\(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{b}+\frac{8}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{-6}{c}=\frac{-2}{b}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\)

=>\(\frac{c}{6}=\frac{b}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{c}{15}=\frac{b}{5}\) (4)

=>\(\frac{1}{b}=\frac{3}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{a} = \frac{3}{c} + \frac{2}{c} = \frac{5}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{a}{1}=\frac{c}{5}\)

=>\(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{c}{15}\) (5)

Từ (4),(5) suy ra \(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{5}=\frac{c}{15}\) (ĐPCM)

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow P=1\)

ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\\\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a.\dfrac{b}{a+b}=a.\dfrac{c}{c+a}\\b.\dfrac{a}{a+b}=b.\dfrac{c}{b+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+a}\\\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{b+c}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\dfrac{b}{a}=1+\dfrac{c}{a}\\1+\dfrac{a}{b}=1+\dfrac{c}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{c}{a}\\\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=c\\a=c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\dfrac{a^3+a^3+a^3}{a^3+a^3+a^3}=1\)

a=1 ; b=2 ;c=3

Ta có : a.b.a.c = 2.3 = 6 ; a^2 .b.c = 6 mà b.c = 6 suy ra a^2 = 1.

Vậy a = 1. Từ đó suy ra : b = 2 ; c = 3

B

B. A.B+A.C

\(ab=2,bc=3,ac=54\)

\(\Rightarrow ab.bc.ac=2.3.54\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=324\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=18^2=\left(-18\right)^2\)

+)\(abc=18\)

\(\Rightarrow a=18:3=6\)

\(\Rightarrow b=18:54=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow c=18:2=9\)

+)\(abc=-18\)

\(\Rightarrow a=-18:3=-6\)

\(\Rightarrow b=-18:54=\frac{-1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow c=-18:2=-9\)

Vậy :\(a\in\left(6;-6\right)\)

        \(b\in\left(\frac{1}{3};\frac{-1}{3}\right)\)

         \(c\in\left(9;-9\right)\)

Vì a, b, c là 3 số dương => a > 0 ; b > 0 ; c > 0

Ta có : a.b = c => b.c = b.a.b = a.b² = 4a => b² = 4 => b = 2 (vì b > 0)

b.c = 4a => 2.c = 4a => c = 2a

a.c = 9b => a.2a = 9.2 => 3a = 18 => a = 6

=> a.c = 9b => 6.c = 18 => c = 3 

Vậy a = 6 , b = 2 , c = 3 thì thỏa mãn đề bài