1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(2x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\left(1\right)\)

Theo Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho các cặp số \(\left(x^2;\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right);\left(x^2;\dfrac{y^2}{4}\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\\x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\ge2.\dfrac{1}{2}xy\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\\x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\ge xy\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\ge2+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\ge2+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy\le2\left(x;y\inℤ\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Max\left(xy\right)=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi

\(xy\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-2\right);\left(1;2\right);\left(-2;-1\right);\left(2;1\right)\right\}\) thỏa mãn đề bài

hình như dấu "=" xảy ra khi x^2 = 1/x^2 với x^2 = y^2/4 mà bạn nhỉ

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Đề bài sai, đề đúng thì phân thức đằng sau dấu chia phải là:

\(\dfrac{4x^4+4x^2y+y^2-4}{x^2+y+xy+x}\)

Ta có: \((x + y)xy = x^2 + y^2 - xy \quad (1)\)

\(M = \frac{x^3 + y^3}{x^3 y^3} = \frac{(x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)}{(xy)^3}\)

(1): \(\left(x+y\right)\cdot xy=x^2+y^2-xy\)

Do đó: \(M=\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^3}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(xy\right)^2}\)

Đặt \(t = \frac{x + y}{xy} = \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y}\)

=>\(M=t^2\)

(1): \((x + y)xy = x^2 + y^2 - xy\)

=>\((x+y)xy=(x+y)^2-3xy\)

=>\(\frac{x + y}{xy} = \left(\frac{x + y}{xy}\right)^2 - \frac{3}{xy}\)

=>\(t=t^2-\frac{3}{xy}\iff\frac{3}{xy}=t^2-t\iff xy=\frac{3}{t^2 - t}\)

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

=>\(\left(t\cdot xy\right)^2\ge4xy\)

=>\(t^2\cdot\left(xy\right)^2-4xy\ge0\)

=>xy\(\left(t\cdot xy-4\right)\) >=0

=>\(\frac{3}{t^2 - t} \left(t^2 \cdot \frac{3}{t^2 - t} - 4\right) \ge 0\)

=>\(\frac{3}{t^2 - t}\left(\frac{3t^2 - 4(t^2 - t)}{t^2 - t}\right)\ge0\)

=>\(\frac{3(4t - t^2)}{(t^2 - t)^2}\ge0\)

=>\(4t-t^2\ge0\)

=>\(t^2-4t\le0\)

=>t(t-4)<=0

=>0<t<=4

=>t∈(0;4]

\(M = t^2 \le 4^2 = 16\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi t=4

=>\(xy=\frac{3}{4^2 - 4}=\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4};x+y=t\cdot xy=1\)

=>x,y là các nghiệm của phương trình:

\(A^2-A+\frac14=0\)

=>\(\left(A-\frac12\right)^2=0\)

=>A-1/2=0

=>A=1/2

=>x=y=1/2

Em kiểm tra đề là \(\dfrac{y^2}{4}\) hay \(\dfrac{y^4}{4}\)

Nếu đề đúng là \(\dfrac{y^4}{4}\) thì có thể coi như là không giải được

\(2x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}-2\right)+\left(x^2-xy+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\right)+xy=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(x-\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2+xy\ge xy\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=2023\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\\x-\dfrac{y}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;-2\right);\left(1;2\right)\)

\(2x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}-2\right)+\left(x^2+xy+\dfrac{y^2}{4}\right)-xy=2\)

\(\Rightarrow2=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2-xy\ge-xy\)

\(\Rightarrow xy\ge-2\Rightarrow P\ge2019\)

\(P_{min}=2019\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\\x+\dfrac{y}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;2\right);\left(1;-2\right)\)

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=x\\b=2y\\c=3z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b+c=2;a,b,c>0\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{2}}{\dfrac{ab}{2}+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{2}}{\dfrac{bc}{2}+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+2c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}\)

Vì a,b,c>0 nên áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có: 

 \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+2c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+bc+ca+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{a+c}}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{b+c}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) 

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: a=b=c=2/3=>\(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{2}{9}\right\}\)

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x^2y^2}\)

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2x^2y^2}}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{\left|xy\right|}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{xy}\)