Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{4}{3}.\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{8x}{9}\)
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{5}{4}.\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{10x}{12}=\dfrac{5x}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=x+\dfrac{8x}{9}+\dfrac{5x}{6}=49\)
Hay \(\left(18+16+15\right).\dfrac{x}{18}=49\).

tức là $x = 18 $
\(\Rightarrow y=16\)
và \(z=15\)

a.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=3k\\z=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(2x+y-z=81\)

\(\Rightarrow2.5k+3k-4k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow9k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow k=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k=45\\y=3k=27\\z=4k=36\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{2}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k\\y=5k\\z=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(5x-y+3z=124\)

\(\Rightarrow5.3k-5k+3.2k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow16k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{31}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k=\dfrac{93}{4}\\y=5k=\dfrac{155}{4}\\z=2k=\dfrac{31}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=5k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(xyz=810\)

\(\Rightarrow2k.3k.5k=810\)

\(\Rightarrow k^3=27\)

\(\Rightarrow k=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=6\\y=3k=9\\z=5k=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: x:y:z=10:3:4

=>\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=\frac{x+2y-3z}{10+2\cdot3-3\cdot4}=\frac{-20}{10+6-12}=\frac{-20}{4}=-5\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-5\cdot10=-50\\ y=-5\cdot3=-15\\ z=-5\cdot4=-20\end{cases}\)

b: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}\) (1)

\(\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\)

mà x-y+z=-49

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\frac{-49}{7}=-7\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-7\cdot10=-70\\ y=-7\cdot15=-105\\ z=-7\cdot12=-84\end{cases}\)

c: Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=k\)

=>x=2k; y=3k; z=4k

\(xy+z^2=88\)

=>\(2k\cdot3k+\left(4k\right)^2=88\)

=>\(6k^2+16k^2=88\)

=>\(22k^2=88\)

=>\(k^2=4\)

=>k=2 hoặc k=-2

TH1: k=2

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot2=4\\ y=3\cdot2=6\\ z=4\cdot2=8\end{cases}\)

TH2: k=-2

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-2\cdot2=-4\\ y=-2\cdot3=-6\\ z=-2\cdot4=-8\end{cases}\)

a: 2x-3y-4z=24

Áp dụng tính chất của DTSBN, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{1}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{3}=\dfrac{2x-3y-4z}{2\cdot1-3\cdot6-4\cdot3}=\dfrac{24}{-28}=\dfrac{-6}{7}\)

=>x=-6/7; y=-36/7; z=-18/7

b: 6x=10y=15z

=>x/10=y/6=z/4=k

=>x=10k; y=6k; z=4k

x+y-z=90

=>10k+6k-4k=90

=>12k=90

=>k=7,5

=>x=75; y=45; z=30

d: x/4=y/3

=>x/20=y/15

y/5=z/3

=>y/15=z/9

=>x/20=y/15=z/9

Áp dụng tính chất của DTSBN, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{20}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{9}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{20-15-9}=\dfrac{-100}{-4}=25\)

=>x=500; y=375; z=225

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\text{⇒}\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{4}\text{⇒}\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\dfrac{-21}{-3}=7\)

⇒x=70;y=105;z=84

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)⇒\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{2y^2}{18}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{2y^2}{18}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}=\dfrac{x^2-2y^2+z^2}{4-18+25}=\dfrac{44}{11}=4\)

⇒x=8;y=12;z=20

a: Áp dụng tính chất của DTSBN, ta được:

x/5=y/2=(x-y)/(5-2)=9/3=3

=>x=15; y=6

b: =>(x-3)/12=3/(x-3)

=>(x-3)^2=36

=>(x-9)(x+3)=0

=>x=9 hoặc x=-3

c; x/2=y/3

=>x/10=y/15

y/5=z/4

=>y/15=z/12

=>x/10=y/15=z/12=(x-y-z)/(10-15-12)=-49/-17=49/17

=>x=490/17; y=735/17; z=588/17

1) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{2x}{6}=\dfrac{3y}{15}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{6+15-7}=\dfrac{-14}{14}=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(-1\right).3=-3\\y=\left(-1\right).5=-5\\z=\left(-1\right).7=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)

2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{8-12-15}=\dfrac{28}{-19}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{19}.8=-\dfrac{224}{19}\\y=-\dfrac{28}{19}.12=-\dfrac{336}{19}\\z=-\dfrac{28}{19}.15=-\dfrac{420}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{3\cdot2+5\cdot3-7}=\dfrac{-14}{14}=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-5\\z=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{8-12-15}=\dfrac{28}{-19}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{224}{19}\\y=-\dfrac{336}{19}\\z=-\dfrac{420}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)

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