a) x²+y²-4x+4y+8=0

⇔ (x-2)²+(y+2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)5x²-4xy+y²=0

⇔ x²+(2x-y)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)x²+2y²+z²-2xy-2y-4z+5=0

⇔ (x-y)²+(y-1)²+(z-2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2: 

a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)

b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)

c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)

d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)

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1: 6(x-2)-y(2-x)=10

=>6(x-2)+y(x-2)=10

=>(x-2)(y+6)=10

=>(x-2;y+6)∈{(1;10);(10;1);(-1;-10);(-10;-1);(2;5);(5;2);(-2;-5);(-5;-2)}

=>(x;y)∈{(3;4);(12;-5);(1;-16);(-8;-7);(4;-1);(7;-4);(0;-11);(-3;-8)}

2: 3x-2xy+3y=6

=>x(3-2y)+3y-4,5=6-4,5

=>-x(2y-3)+1,5(2y-3)=1,5

=>(2y-3)(-x+1,5)=1,5

=>(2y-3)(-2x+3)=3

=>(2x-3)(2y-3)=-3

=>(2x-3;2y-3)∈{(1;-3);(-3;1);(-1;3);(3;-1)}

=>(x;y)∈{(2;0);(0;2);(1;3);(3;1)}

3: 6x-xy+2y=5

=>x(6-y)+2y-12=5-12=-7

=>-x(y-6)+2(y-6)=-7

=>(y-6)(-x+2)=-7

=>(x-2)(y-6)=7

=>(x-2;y-6)∈{(1;7);(7;1);(-1;-7);(-7;-1)}

=>(x;y)∈{(3;13);(9;7);(1;-1);(-5;5)}

a) (x³-x²)+(8x-8)=x(x-1)+8(x-1)=(x²+8)(x-1)

b) 8x³-8x²y+2xy²=2x(4x²-4xy+y²)

c) (x²+y²-z²)² - 4x²y²=(x²+y²-z²)² - (2xy)²=(x²+y²-z²-2xy)(x²+y²-z²+2xy)