Cho \(A=1+4^2+4^3+...+4^{99}\) và \(B=4^{100}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(A< \dfrac{B}{3}\).
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\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3A-A=\left(3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{101}\right)-\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{100}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=3^{101}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{3^{101}-3}{2}< 3^{100}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< B\)
a. tính A = 3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100
3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^100
3A-A=(3^2+3^3+3^4+....+3^101)-(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100)=3^101-3=3^100
mà B=3^100-1 => A<B
Lời giải:
$A=1+4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{99}$
$4A=4+4^2+4^3+4^4+....+4^{100}$
$\Rightarrow 4A-A=4^{100}-1$
$\Rightarrow 3A=4^{100}-1=B-1< B$
$\Rightarrow A< \frac{B}{3}$
4A=4+4^2+4^3+4^4+....+4^100
4A-A=4^100-1
=>3A=4^100-1 mà 4^100-1<4^100
=>3A<B =>A<B/3(đpcm)
Ta có: A = 1+4+4^2+4^3+...+4^99
=> 4A = 4.(1+4+4^2+4^3+...+4^99)
=> 4A = 4+4^2+4^3+...+4^99+4^100
=> 4A - A = (4+4^2+4^3+...+4^99+4^100) - (1+4+4^2+4^3+...+4^99)
=> 3A = 4^100 - 1
=> A = 4^100-1/3 < 4^100/3 mà B = 4^100
=> A < 4^100/3
Bài toán đã được chứng minh.
a: Đặt \(A=\frac12-\frac14+\frac18-\frac{1}{16}+\cdots-\frac{1}{1024}\)
=>\(A=\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
=>\(2A=1-\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^9}\)
=>\(2A+A=1-\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^9}+\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
=>\(3A=1-\frac{1}{2^{10}}<1\)
=>\(A<\frac13\)
b: Đặt \(B=\frac13-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=>\(3B=1-\frac23+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(3B+B=1-\frac23+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}+\frac13-\frac{2}{3^2}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=>\(4B=1-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-...-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
Đặt \(A=-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(3A=-1+\frac13-\frac{1}{3^2}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
=>\(3A+A=-1+\frac13-\frac{1}{3^2}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(4A=-1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}=\frac{-3^{99}-1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(A=\frac{-3^{99}-1}{4\cdot3^{99}}\)
Ta có: \(4B=1-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-...-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(=1+\frac{-3^{99}-1}{4\cdot3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}=1+\frac{-3^{100}-3-400}{4\cdot3^{100}}=1-\frac14-\frac{403}{4\cdot3^{100}}=\frac34-\frac{403}{4\cdot3^{100}}\)
=>\(4B<\frac34\)
=>\(B<\frac{3}{16}\)
A=1+4+42+43+.......+499 4A=4+42+43+44+.....+4100 4A-A=4+42+43+44+.....+4100 -1-4-42-43-.......-499 3A=4100-1 => A=(4100-1)/3 Vì 4100>4100-1 nên (4100-1)/3 < 4100/3 HAY A<B/3(ĐPCM)
2:
\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)