a:

ĐKXĐ: x<>0; y<>0

\(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=3\)

=>\(\frac{2y+x}{xy}=3\)

=>3xy=x+2y

=>3xy-x-2y=0

=>x(3y-1)-\(2y+\frac23=\frac23\)

=>\(3x\left(y-\frac13\right)-2\left(y-\frac13\right)=\frac23\)

=>\(\left(3x-2\right)\left(y-\frac13\right)=\frac23\)

=>(3x-2)(3y-1)=2

=>(3x-2;3y-1)∈{(1;2);(2;1);(-1;-2);(-2;-1)}

=>(3x;3y)∈{(3;3);(4;2);(1;-1);(0;0)}

=>(x;y)∈{(1;1);(4/3;2/3);(1/3;-1/3);(0;0)}

mà x,y nguyên

nên x=1; y=1

b: ĐKXĐ: x<>0; y<>0

\(\frac{2}{y}-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{8}{xy}+1\)

=>\(\frac{2x-y}{xy}=\frac{8+xy}{xy}\)

=>xy+8=2x-y

=>xy-2x+y+8=0

=>x(y-2)+y-2+10=0

=>(x+1)(y-2)=-10

=>(x+1;y-2)∈{(1;-10);(-10;1);(-1;10);(10;-1);(2;-5);(-5;2);(-2;5);(5;-2)}

=>(x;y)∈{(0;-8);(-11;3);(-2;12);(9;1);(1;-3);(-6;4);(-3;7);(4;0)}

mà x<>0; y<>0

nên (x;y)∈{(-11;3);(-2;12);(9;1);(1;-3);(-6;4);(-3;7)}

d: ĐKXĐ: x<>0; y<>0

\(-\frac{3}{y}-\frac{12}{xy}=1\)

=>\(\frac{-3x-12}{xy}=1\)

=>xy=-3x-12

=>xy+3x=-12

=>x(y+3)=-12

=>(x;y+3)∈{(1;-12);(-12;1);(-1;12);(12;-1);(2;-6);(-6;2);(-2;6);(6;-2);(3;-4);(-4;3);(-3;4);(4;-3)}

=>(x;y)∈{(1;-15);(-12;-2);(-1;9);(12;-4);(2;-9);(-6;-1);(-2;3);(6;-5);(3;-7);(-4;0);(-3;1);(4;-6)}

mà y<>0

nên (x;y)∈{(1;-15);(-12;-2);(-1;9);(12;-4);(2;-9);(-6;-1);(-2;3);(6;-5);(3;-7);(-3;1);(4;-6)}

e: ĐKXĐ: y<>0

\(\frac{x}{8}-\frac{1}{y}=\frac14\)

=>\(\frac{x}{8}-\frac14=\frac{1}{y}\)

=>\(\frac{x-2}{8}=\frac{1}{y}\)

=>(x-2)y=8

=>(x-2;y)∈{(1;8);(8;1);(-1;-8);(-8;-1);(2;4);(4;2);(-2;-4);(-4;-2)}

=>(x;y)∈{(3;8);(10;1);(1;-8);(-6;-1);(4;4);(6;2);(0;-4);(-2;-2)}

mà y<>0

nên (x;y)∈{(3;8);(10;1);(1;-8);(-6;-1);(4;4);(6;2);(0;-4);(-2;-2)}

a: x:y:z=10:3:4

=>\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=\frac{x+2y-3z}{10+2\cdot3-3\cdot4}=\frac{-20}{10+6-12}=\frac{-20}{4}=-5\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-5\cdot10=-50\\ y=-5\cdot3=-15\\ z=-5\cdot4=-20\end{cases}\)

b: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}\) (1)

\(\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\)

mà x-y+z=-49

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\frac{-49}{7}=-7\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-7\cdot10=-70\\ y=-7\cdot15=-105\\ z=-7\cdot12=-84\end{cases}\)

c: Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=k\)

=>x=2k; y=3k; z=4k

\(xy+z^2=88\)

=>\(2k\cdot3k+\left(4k\right)^2=88\)

=>\(6k^2+16k^2=88\)

=>\(22k^2=88\)

=>\(k^2=4\)

=>k=2 hoặc k=-2

TH1: k=2

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot2=4\\ y=3\cdot2=6\\ z=4\cdot2=8\end{cases}\)

TH2: k=-2

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-2\cdot2=-4\\ y=-2\cdot3=-6\\ z=-2\cdot4=-8\end{cases}\)

a ) \(\dfrac{x-y}{x^3+y^3}.Q=\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{x^2-xy+y^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{x^2-xy+y^2}:\dfrac{x-y}{x^3+y^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2-xy+y^2}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{x-y}\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=x^2-y^2\)

Vậy \(Q=x^2-y^2\)

b ) \(\dfrac{x+y}{x^3-y^3}.Q=\dfrac{3x^2+3xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{3x^2+3xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}:\dfrac{x+y}{x^3-y^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{3x\left(x+y\right)}{x^2+xy+y^2}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{x+y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=3x\left(x-y\right)=3x^2-3xy\)

Vậy \(Q=3x^2-3xy\)

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{2}=k\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow xy=10k^2=1000\Rightarrow k=\pm10\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=50\\y=20\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-50\\y=-20\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

2.

\(4n^3+n+3=4n^3+2n^2+2n-2n^2-n-1+4=2n\left(2n^2+n+1\right)-\left(2n^2+n+1\right)+4\)-Để \(\left(4n^3+n+3\right)⋮\left(2n^2+n+1\right)\) thì \(4⋮\left(2n^2+n+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\) (do n là số nguyên)

*\(2n^2+n+1=1\Leftrightarrow n\left(2n+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow n=0\) (loại) hay \(n=\dfrac{-1}{2}\) (loại)

*\(2n^2+n+1=-1\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n+2=0\) (phương trình vô nghiệm)

\(2n^2+n+1=2\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n-1=0\Leftrightarrow n^2+n+n^2-1=0\Leftrightarrow n\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+1\right)\left(n-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)\left(2n-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n=-1\) (loại) hay \(n=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (loại)

\(2n^2+n+1=-2\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n+3=0\) (phương trình vô nghiệm)

\(2n^2+n+1=4\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n-3=0\Leftrightarrow2n^2-2n+3n-3=0\Leftrightarrow2n\left(n-1\right)+3\left(n-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(n-1\right)\left(2n+3\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow n=1\left(nhận\right)\) hay \(n=\dfrac{-3}{2}\left(loại\right)\)

-Vậy \(n=1\)

1. \(x^2+y^2=z^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2=0\)

-TH1: y lẻ \(\Rightarrow x-z;x+z\) đều lẻ.

\(x+3z-y=x+z-y+2x\) chia hết cho 2. \(\Rightarrow\)Hợp số.

-TH2: y chẵn \(\Rightarrow\)1 trong hai biểu thức \(x-z;x+z\) chia hết cho 2.

*Xét \(\left(x-z\right)⋮2\):

\(x+3z-y=x-z+4z-y\) chia hết cho 2. \(\Rightarrow\)Hợp số.

*Xét \(\left(x+z\right)⋮2\):

\(x+3z-y=x+z+2z-y\) chia hết cho 2 \(\Rightarrow\)Hợp số.

a) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

X/3 = y/4 = x/3 + y/4 = 28/7 = 4

=> x = 4 × 3 = 12

=> y = 4 × 4 = 16

Vậy x = 12, y = 16

B) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

X/2 = y/(-5) = x/2 - y/(-5) = (-7)/7 = -1

=> x = -1 × 2 = -2

=> y = -1 × -5 = 5

Vậy x = -2, y = 5

C) làm tương tự như bài a, b

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

Do đó: x=16; y=24; z=30

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{2}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow xy=10k^2\)

\(\Rightarrow k^2=1\Rightarrow k=\pm1\)

Nếu k=1 \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu k=-1 \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: \(\sqrt{x}+\frac{y-\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)+y-\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

\(=\frac{x+\sqrt{xy}+y-\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{xy}-x}-\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)}-\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\frac{x\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)-y\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}-\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-x\sqrt{xy}-y\sqrt{xy}-y^2}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}-\frac{\left(x+y\right)_{}\left(x-y\right)}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}\)

\(\) \(=\frac{x^2-\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)-y^2-x^2+y^2}{\sqrt{xy}\left(x-y\right)}=\frac{-\left(x+y\right)}{x-y}\)

b: Thay x=3; \(y=4+2\sqrt3\) vào A, ta được:

\(A=\frac{-\left(3+4+2\sqrt3\right)}{3-\left(4+2\sqrt3\right)}=\frac{-7-2\sqrt3}{-2\sqrt3-1}=\frac{7+2\sqrt3}{2\sqrt3+1}\)

\(=\frac{\left(7+2\sqrt3\right)\left(2\sqrt3-1\right)}{12-1}=\frac{14\sqrt3-7+12-2\sqrt3}{11}=\frac{12\sqrt3+5}{11}\)