Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}\)< 1
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
a: Đặt \(A=\frac12-\frac14+\frac18-\frac{1}{16}+\cdots-\frac{1}{1024}\)
=>\(A=\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
=>\(2A=1-\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^9}\)
=>\(2A+A=1-\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^9}+\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
=>\(3A=1-\frac{1}{2^{10}}<1\)
=>\(A<\frac13\)
b: Đặt \(B=\frac13-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=>\(3B=1-\frac23+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(3B+B=1-\frac23+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}+\frac13-\frac{2}{3^2}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=>\(4B=1-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-...-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
Đặt \(A=-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(3A=-1+\frac13-\frac{1}{3^2}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
=>\(3A+A=-1+\frac13-\frac{1}{3^2}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(4A=-1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}=\frac{-3^{99}-1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(A=\frac{-3^{99}-1}{4\cdot3^{99}}\)
Ta có: \(4B=1-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-...-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(=1+\frac{-3^{99}-1}{4\cdot3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}=1+\frac{-3^{100}-3-400}{4\cdot3^{100}}=1-\frac14-\frac{403}{4\cdot3^{100}}=\frac34-\frac{403}{4\cdot3^{100}}\)
=>\(4B<\frac34\)
=>\(B<\frac{3}{16}\)
Lời giải:
\(A=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(3A=1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(A+3A=1+\frac{1-2}{3}+\frac{-2+3}{3^2}+\frac{3-4}{3^3}+\frac{-4+5}{3^4}+...+\frac{99-100}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-.....+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=(1-\frac{1}{3})+(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3})+...+(\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}})-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{3^3}+...+\frac{2}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{50}{3^{100}}\)
\(18A=3+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{450}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 18A-2A=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{450}{3^{100}}+\frac{50}{3^{100}}=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{400}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 16A=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{400}{3^{100}}<3\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{16}\)
Đặt A=1/3-2/3^2+3/3^3-4/3^4+...+99/3^99-100/3^100
3A=1-2/3+3/3^2-4/3^3+...+99/3^98-100/3^99
3A+A=1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+1/3^4-...+1/3^98-1/3^99-100/3^100
<1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+1/3^4-...+1/3^98-1/3^99
Đặt S=1-1/3+1/3^2-1/3^3+1/3^4-...+1/3^98-1/3^99
3S=3-1+1/3-1/3^2+1/3^3-...-1/3^98
3S+S=3-1/3^99
S=(3-1/3^99) :4
S=3/4-1/4.3^99
\(\Rightarrow\)4A<3/4-1/4.3^99
\(\Rightarrow\)A<(3/4-1/4.3^99):4
\(\Rightarrow\)A<3/16-1/16.3^99<3/16
Vậy 1/3-2/3^2+3/3^3-4/3^4+...+99/3^99-100/3^100<3/16
1.
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{4-1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{100-1}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}-\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\)\(\dfrac{1}{99!}-\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{100!}< 1\)
2.
\(\dfrac{1.2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4-1}{4!}+...+\)\(\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
Ta có:
\(=\dfrac{1.2}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3}{3!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4}{4!}-\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\)\(\dfrac{99.100}{100!}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1.2}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99.100}{100!}\right)\)\(-\left(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{1}{100!}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+\dfrac{1}{2!}+...+\dfrac{1}{98!}\right)\)\(-\left(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{1}{100!}\right)\)
\(=2-\dfrac{1}{99!}-\dfrac{1}{100!}< 2\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{4-1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{100-1}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{3}{3!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{4}{4!}-\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{100}{100!}-\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{1}{99!}-\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
Mà \(1-\dfrac{1}{100!}< 1\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}< 1\) (Đpcm)
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}\)+ \(\dfrac{2}{3!}\)+ \(\dfrac{3}{4!}\)+...+\(\dfrac{99}{100!}\)
= \((\)\(\dfrac{1}{1!}\)-\(\dfrac{1}{2!}\)\()\) + \((\)\(\dfrac{1}{2!}\)-\(\dfrac{1}{3!}\)\()\) + \((\)\(\dfrac{1}{3!}\)-\(\dfrac{1}{4!}\)\()\) +...+ \((\)\(\dfrac{1}{99!}\)-\(\dfrac{1}{100!}\)\()\)
= 1-\(\dfrac{1}{100!}\) < 1.