a: \(A=x^4+3x^3+2x^2-x-4\)

\(=x^4-2x^3+3x^2+5x^3-10x^2+15x+9x^2-18x+27\) +2x-31

\(=\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\left(x^2+5x+9\right)+2x-31=B\left(x^2+5x+9\right)+2x-31\)

=>Dư là R=2x-31; thương là \(Q=x^2+5x+9\)

b: \(A=2x^3-3x^2+6x-4\)

\(=2x^3-2x^2+6x+x^2-x+3+x-7\)

\(=\left(x^2-x+3\right)\left(2x+1\right)+x-7=B\left(2x+1\right)+x-7\)

=>Thương là Q=2x+1; dư là R=x-7

c: \(A=2x^4+x^3+3x^2+4x+9\)

\(=2x^4+2x^2+x^3+x+x^2+1+3x+8\)

\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(2x^2+x+1\right)+3x+8=B\left(2x^2+x+1\right)+3x+8\)

=>Thương là \(Q=2x^2+x+1\) ; dư là R=3x+8

d: \(A=2x^3-11x^2+19x-6\)

\(=2x^3-6x^2+2x-5x^2+15x-5+2x-1\)

\(=\left(x^2-3x+1\right)\left(2x-5\right)+2x-1=B\left(2x-5\right)+2x-1\)

=>Thương là Q=2x-5; dư là R=2x-1

e: \(A=2x^4-x^3-x^2-x+1\)

\(=2x^4+2x^2-x^3-x-3x^2-3+4\)

\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(2x^2-x-3\right)+4=B\left(2x^2-x-3\right)+4\)

=>Thương là \(Q=2x^2-x-3\) và dư là R=4

\(a,\Leftrightarrow x^3-8-x\left(x^2-9\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3-8-x^3+9x=1\\ \Leftrightarrow9x=9\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ b,\Leftrightarrow8x^3+12x^2+6x+1-8x^3 +12x^2-6x+1-24x^2+24x-1=0\Leftrightarrow1=0\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)

a) \(\Leftrightarrow x^3-8-x^3+9x=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x=9\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

b) \(\Leftrightarrow8x^3+12x^2+6x+1-8x^3+12x^2-6x+1-24x^2+24x-6=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow24x=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)

a) \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{4}{12}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{12}\cdot3=\dfrac{12}{12}=1\)

b) \(\dfrac{x-1}{x-2}=\dfrac{3}{5}\) (Điều kiện : \(x\ne2\))

\(\Rightarrow5\left(x-1\right)=3\left(x-2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x-5=3x-6\Leftrightarrow5x-3x=-6+5\Leftrightarrow2x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c) \(2x:6=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow2x=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot6=\dfrac{6}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}:2=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

d) \(\dfrac{x^2+x}{2x^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+x\right)=2x^2+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x=2x^2+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x-2x^2=1\Leftrightarrow2x=1\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\).