\(x^2+4y^2=x^2y^2-2xy\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+4y^2+4xy=x^2y^2+2xy+1-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(xy+1\right)^2-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(xy+1\right)^2-\left(x+2y\right)^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(xy-x-2y+1\right)\left(xy+x+2y+1\right)=1\)

Vì x,y là các số nguyên nên \(\left(xy-x-2y+1\right),\left(xy+x+2y+1\right)\) là các ước số của 1. Do đó ta có 2 trường hợp:

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-x-2y+1=1\\xy+x+2y+1=1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-xy+x+2y-1=-1\\xy+x+2y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+2y\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-2y\)

Thay vào (1) ta được:

\(-2y^2+1=1\Leftrightarrow y=0\Rightarrow x=0\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-x-2y+1=-1\\xy+x+2y+1=-1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-xy+x+2y-1=1\\xy+x+2y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+2y\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-2y\)

Thay vào (1) ta được:

\(-2y^2+1=-1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(y=1\Rightarrow x=-2;y=-1\Rightarrow x=2\)

Vậy các cặp số nguyên (x;y) thỏa điều kiện ở đề bài là \(\left(0;0\right),\left(2;-1\right)\left(-2;1\right)\)

\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{49}{16}\)

\(M_{min}=\dfrac{49}{16}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{14}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{7}}\right)\)

cm bn

\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{7}{4}\)

\(M_{min}=\dfrac{7}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}};1\right)\)

 Nguyễn Việt Lâm anh oiiiiiiiiiii

\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

2:

a: \(3xy^2-3x^3-6xy+3x\)

\(=3x\cdot\left(y^2-2y+1-x^2\right)\)

\(=3x\left\lbrack\left(y-1\right)^2-x^2\right\rbrack\)

=3x(y-1-x)(y-1+x)

b: \(3x^2+11x+6\)

\(=3x^2+9x+2x+6\)

=3x(x+3)+2(x+3)

=(x+3)(3x+2)

c: \(-x^3-4xy^2+4x^2y+16x\)

\(=x\left(16+4xy-4y^2-x^2\right)\)

\(=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\right\rbrack=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x-2y\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=x(4-x+2y)(4+x-2y)

d: \(xz-x^2-yz+2xy-y^2\)

=z(x-y)-\(\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)

=\(z\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2\)

=(x-y)(z-x+y)

e: \(4x^2-y^2-6x+3y\)

=(2x-y)(2x+y)-3(2x-y)

=(2x-y)(2x+y-3)

f: \(x^4-x^3-10x^2+2x+4\)

\(=x^4+2x^3-2x^2-3x^3-6x^2+6x-2x^2-4x+4\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x-2\right)\left(x^2-3x-2\right)\)

g: \(\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)-\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x-1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(25y^2+10y+1\right)\right\rbrack\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(5y+1\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(11-5y-1)(11+5y+1)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(10-5y)(12+5y)

=5(2-y)(x-1)(x^2+1)(5y+12)

Ta có (1)  ⇔ x 4 + x 2 + 20 = y 2 + y

Ta thấy:  x 4 + x 2 < x 4 + x 2 + 20 ≤ x 4 + x 2 + 20 + 8 x 2 ⇔ x 2 ( x 2 + 1 ) < y ( y + 1 ) ≤ ( x 2 + 4 ) ( x 2 + 5 )

Vì x, y ∈ Z nên ta xét các trường hợp sau

+ TH1.  y ( y + 1 ) = ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x 2 + 2 ) ⇔ x 4 + x 2 + 20 = x 4 + 3 x 2 + 2 ⇔ 2 x 2 = 18 ⇔ x 2 = 9 ⇔ x = ± 3

Với  x 2 = 9   ⇒ y 2 + y = 9 2 + 9 + 20 ⇔ y 2 + y − 110 = 0 ⇔ y = 10 ; y = − 11 ( t . m )

+ TH2  y ( y + 1 ) = ( x 2 + 2 ) ( x 2 + 3 ) ⇔ x 4 + x 2 + 20 = x 4 + 5 x 2 + 6 ⇔ 4 x 2 = 14 ⇔ x 2 = 7 2   ( l o ạ i )

+ TH3: y ( y + 1 ) = ( x 2 + 3 ) ( x 2 + 4 ) ⇔ 6 x 2 = 8 ⇔ x 2 = 4 3   ( l o ạ i )

+ TH4:  y ( y + 1 ) = ( x 2 + 4 ) ( x 2 + 5 ) ⇔ 8 x 2 = 0 ⇔ x 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 0

Với  x 2 = 0  ta có  y 2 + y = 20 ⇔ y 2 + y − 20 = 0 ⇔ y = − 5 ; y = 4

Vậy PT đã cho có nghiệm nguyên (x;y) là :

(3;10), (3;-11), (-3; 10), (-3;-11), (0; -5), (0;4).

\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

e: Ta có: 

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

a) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi ta có :

\(x^2+1\geq 2x\\ 4y^2+1\geq 4y\\ 9z^2+1\geq 6z\)

Suy ra \(S\leq 6\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=1;y=\frac{1}{2}; z=\frac{1}{3}\)