a.

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4x+4y^2=4xy+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=8\) (1)

Do \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0;\forall x;y\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2\le8\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4\right\}\)

TH1: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\Rightarrow x=2\) thế vào (1)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2-2y\right)^2=8\Rightarrow\left(1-y\right)^2=2\) (ko tồn tại y nguyên t/m do 2 ko phải SCP)

TH2: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2=8-1=7\), mà 7 ko phải SCP nên pt ko có nghiệm nguyên

TH3: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=4\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) thế vào (1):

- Với \(x=0\Rightarrow\left(-2y\right)^2+4=8\Rightarrow y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\)

- Với \(x=2\Rightarrow\left(2-2y\right)^2+4=8\Rightarrow\left(1-y\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy pt có các cặp nghiệm là: 

\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right);\left(0;-1\right);\left(2;0\right);\left(2;2\right)\)

b.

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4y^2+4xy-4x=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=18\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=18\) (1)

Lý luận tương tự câu a ta được 

\(\left(x-2\right)^2\le18\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;9;16\right\}\)

Với \(\left(x-2\right)^2=\left\{0;1;4;16\right\}\) thì \(18-\left(x-2\right)^2\) ko phải SCP nên ko có giá trị nguyên x;y thỏa mãn

Với \(\left(x-2\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) thế vào (1)

- Với \(x=5\Rightarrow\left(5+2y\right)^2+9=18\Rightarrow\left(5+2y\right)^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5+2y=3\\5+2y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Với \(x=-1\Rightarrow\left(-1+2y\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-1+2y=3\\-1+2y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(5;-1\right);\left(5;-4\right);\left(-1;3\right);\left(-1;-3\right)\)

\(2x^2+2y^2-5xy+x-2y+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(2x-y\right)+x-2y+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)=-3\) 

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\) là bộ nghiệm nguyên dương duy nhất

Ta có: \(2x^2+y^2+3xy-3x-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

\(\Delta=\left(3y-3\right)^2-4\cdot2\cdot\left(y^2-3y+11\right)\)

\(=9y^2-18y+9-8y^2+24y-88=y^2+6y-79\)

\(=y^2+6y+9-88=\left(y+3\right)^2-88\)

Để phương trình có nghiệm nguyên thì Δ phải là số chính phương

=>\(\left(y+3\right)^2-88=k^2\left(k\in Z\right)\)

=>\(\left(y+3\right)^2-k^2=88\)

=>(y+3-k)(y+3+k)=88

=>(y+3-k;y+3+k)∈{(1;88);(88;1);(-1;-88);(-88;-1);(2;44);(44;2);(-2;-44);(-44;-2);(4;22);(-4;-22);(22;4);(-22;-4);(8;11);(-8;-11);(11;8);(-11;-8)}

TH1: y+3-k=1 và y+3+k=88

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=1+88

=>2y+6=89

=>2y=83

=>y=41,5(loại)

TH2: y+3-k=88 và y+3+k=1

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=1+88

=>2y+6=89

=>2y=83

=>y=41,5(loại)

TH3: y+3-k=-1 và y+3+k=-88

=>=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-1-88

=>2y+6=-89

=>2y=-95

=>y=-47,5(loại)

TH4: y+3-k=-88 và y+3+k=-1

=>=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-1-88

=>2y+6=-89

=>2y=-95

=>y=-47,5(loại)

TH5: y+3-k=2 và y+3+k=44

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=2+44

=>2y+6=46

=>2y=40

=>y=20(nhận)

\(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+x\left(3\cdot20-3\right)+20^2-3\cdot20+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+57x+351=0\)

=>\(\left(2x+39\right)\left(x+9\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}2x+39=0\\ x+9=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}2x=-39\\ x=-9\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=-\frac{39}{2}\left(loại\right)\\ x=-9\left(nhận\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH6: y+3-k=44 và y+3+k=2

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=2+44

=>2y+6=46

=>2y=40

=>y=20(nhận)

\(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+x\left(3\cdot20-3\right)+20^2-3\cdot20+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+57x+351=0\)

=>\(\left(2x+39\right)\left(x+9\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}2x+39=0\\ x+9=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}2x=-39\\ x=-9\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=-\frac{39}{2}\left(loại\right)\\ x=-9\left(nhận\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH7: y+3-k=-2 và y+3+k=-44

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-2-44

=>2y+6=-46

=>2y=-52

=>y=-26

Ta có: \(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+x\cdot\left\lbrack3\cdot\left(-26\right)-3\right\rbrack+\left(-26\right)^2-3\cdot\left(-26\right)+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2-81x+765=0\)

=>(x-15)(2x-51)=0

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x-15=0\\ 2x-51=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=15\left(nhận\right)\\ x=\frac{51}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH8: y+3-k=-44 và y+3+k=-2

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-2-44

=>2y+6=-46

=>2y=-52

=>y=-26

Ta có: \(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+x\cdot\left\lbrack3\cdot\left(-26\right)-3\right\rbrack+\left(-26\right)^2-3\cdot\left(-26\right)+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2-81x+765=0\)

=>(x-15)(2x-51)=0

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x-15=0\\ 2x-51=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=15\left(nhận\right)\\ x=\frac{51}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH9: y+3-k=4 và y+3+k=22

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=4+22

=>2y+6=26

=>2y=20

=>y=10

Ta có: \(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x_{}^2+x\left(3\cdot10-3\right)+10^2-3\cdot10+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+27x+81=0\)

=>\(2x^2+18x+9x+81=0\)

=>(x+9)(2x+9)=0

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x+9=0\\ 2x+9=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=-9\left(nhận\right)\\ x=-\frac92\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH10: y+3-k=22 và y+3+k=4

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=4+22

=>2y+6=26

=>2y=20

=>y=10

Ta có: \(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x_{}^2+x\left(3\cdot10-3\right)+10^2-3\cdot10+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2+27x+81=0\)

=>\(2x^2+18x+9x+81=0\)

=>(x+9)(2x+9)=0

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x+9=0\\ 2x+9=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=-9\left(nhận\right)\\ x=-\frac92\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH11: y+3-k=-4 và y+3+k=-22

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-4-22

=>2y+6=-26

=>2y=-32

=>y=-16

Ta có: \(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x_{}^2+x\cdot\left\lbrack3\cdot\left(-16\right)-3\right\rbrack+\left(-16\right)^2-3\cdot\left(-16\right)+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2-51x+315=0\)

=>\(2x^2-30x-21x+315=0\)

=>(x-15)(2x-21)=0

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x-15=0\\ 2x-21=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=15\left(nhận\right)\\ x=\frac{21}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH12: y+3-k=-22 và y+3+k=-4

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-4-22

=>2y+6=-26

=>2y=-32

=>y=-16

Ta có: \(2x^2+x\left(3y-3\right)+y^2-3y+11=0\)

=>\(2x_{}^2+x\cdot\left\lbrack3\cdot\left(-16\right)-3\right\rbrack+\left(-16\right)^2-3\cdot\left(-16\right)+11=0\)

=>\(2x^2-51x+315=0\)

=>\(2x^2-30x-21x+315=0\)

=>(x-15)(2x-21)=0

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x-15=0\\ 2x-21=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=15\left(nhận\right)\\ x=\frac{21}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

TH13: y+3-k=8 và y+3+k=11

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=8+11

=>2y+6=19

=>2y=13

=>y=6,5(loại)

TH14: y+3-k=11 và y+3+k=8

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=8+11

=>2y+6=19

=>2y=13

=>y=6,5(loại)

TH15: y+3-k=-8 và y+3+k=-11

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-8-11

=>2y+6=-19

=>2y=-25

=>y=-12,5(loại)

TH16: y+3-k=-11 và y+3+k=-8

=>y+3-k+y+3+k=-8-11

=>2y+6=-19

=>2y=-25

=>y=-12,5(loại)

\(x^2-2xy-3y^2=3x-y+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy-3x-3y^2+y-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(2y+3\right)-3y^2+y-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x\left(2y+3\right)+\left(2y+3\right)^2-\left(2y+3\right)^2-12y^2+4y-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-4y^2-12y-9-12y^2+4y-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-16y^2-8y-17=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-\left(16y^2+8y+1\right)=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2y-3\right)^2-\left(4y+1\right)^2=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-6y-4\right)\left(2x+2y-2\right)=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y-2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)=4\)

Đến đây bn tự giải nha

đoạn cuối là \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y-2\right)\left(x+y-1\right)=4\)

\(x^2+6xy+5y^2-4y-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+6xy+9y^2)-(4y^2+4y+1)=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+3y)^2-(2y+1)^2=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)(x+5y+1)=7\)

Vì x,y nguyên nên ta có các trường hợp sau:

TH1: \(\begin{cases} x+y-1=1\\ x+5y+1=7 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x+y-1=1\\ 4y+2=6 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x=1\\ y=1 \end{cases}\)

Các TH còn lại bạn tự làm nhé

\(x^2+6xy+5y^2-4y-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6xy+9y^2\right)-4y^2-4y-1-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3y\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+5y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)=7=\left[{}\begin{matrix}1.7\\7.1\\\left(-1\right).\left(-7\right)\\\left(-7\right).\left(-1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+5y+1=1;x+y-1=7\\x+5y+1=7;x+y-1=1\\x+5y+1=-1;x+y-1=-7\\x+5y+1=-7;x+y-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=10;y=-2\left(nhận\right)\\x=y=1\left(nhận\right)\\x=y=1\left(nhận\right)\\x=10;y=-2\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

-Vậy các cặp số (x,y) là \(\left(10;-2\right);\left(1;1\right)\)

\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)

Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :

1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)

2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)

3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)