CMR: A3 + B3 + C3 -3ABC = 1/2(A+B+C)[(A-B)2 + (B-C)2 + (A-C)2 ]
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Do \(a+b+c=1\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3abc\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(c^3+a^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2-ca\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(2bc-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(2ca-ca\right)\)
\(=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)
a: Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
Bài 1:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$
$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$
Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$
Áp dụng vào bài:
Nếu $a+b+c=0$
$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$
Nếu $a=b=c$
$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$
T a c ó : a 3 - b 3 + c 3 + 3 a b c = ( a 3 + c 3 + 3 a 2 c + 3 a c 2 ) - 3 a 2 c - 3 a c 2 + 3 a b c - b 3 = ( a + c ) 3 - b 3 - 3 a c ( a + c - b ) = ( a + c - b ) [ ( a + c ) 2 + b ( a + c ) + b 2 ] - 3 a c ( a + c - b ) = ( a + c - b ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + a b + b c - a c ) ( a + b ) 2 + ( b + c ) 2 + ( c - a ) 2 = ( a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 ) + ( b 2 + 2 b c + c 2 ) + ( c 2 - 2 a c + a 2 ) = 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 + 2 c 2 + 2 a b + 2 b c - 2 a c = 2 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + a b + b c - a c )
= > C = (a + c − b)(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc − ac) 2(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc − ac) = a + c − b 2
Mà a + c - b = 10 nên C = a + c − b 2 = 10 2 = 5
Đáp án D
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 5:
a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)
=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)
=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)
=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0
=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 5:
a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)
=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)
=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)
=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0
=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(2,\\ a,a^3+b^3=a^3=3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\\ b,a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-ab-bc\right)\)
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Ta có : \(A^3+B^3+C^3-3ABC=\left(A+B\right)^3+C^3-3AB\left(A+B\right)-3ABC\)
\(=\left(A+B+C\right)\left[\left(A+B\right)^2-C\left(A+B\right)+C^2\right]-3AB\left(A+B+C\right)\)
\(=\left(A+B+C\right)\left(A^2+2AB+B^2-AC-BC+C^2-3AB\right)\)
\(=\left(A+B+C\right)\left(A^2+B^2+C^2-AB-BC-AC\right)\)
\(=\frac{A+B+C}{2}.\left[\left(A^2-2AB+B^2\right)+\left(B^2-2BC+C^2\right)+\left(C^2-2AC+A^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{A+B+C}{2}\left[\left(A-B\right)^2+\left(B-C\right)^2+\left(C-A\right)^2\right]\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Nhanh lên , gan đi học rồi