Chứng minh Hằng đẳng thức :
( a + b + c )3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 3 ( a + b ) ( b + c ) ( c +a )
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Biến đổi vế trái:
a + b + c 3 = a + + c 3 = a + b 3 +3 a + b 2 c+3(a+b) c 2 + c 3
= a 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3a b 2 + b 3 + 3( a 2 + 2ab + b 2 )c + 3a c 2 + 3b c 2 + c 3
= a 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3a b 2 + b 3 + 3 a 2 c + 6abc + 3 b 2 c + 3a c 2 + 3b c 2 + c3
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3a b 2 + 3 a 2 c + 6abc + 3 b 2 c + 3a c 2 + 3b c 2
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + (3 a 2 b + 3a b 2 ) +( 3 a 2 c + 3abc)+ (3abc + 3 b 2 c)+(3a c 2 + 3b c 2 )
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3ab(a + b) + 3ac(a + b) + 3bc(a + b) + 3 c 2 (a + b)
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3(a + b)(ab + ac + bc + c 2 )
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3(a + b)[a(b + c) + c(b + c)]
= a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3(a + b)(b + c)(a + c) (đpcm)
#)Giải :
Ta có : \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\left(a+b\right)+c\right)^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Hay chính là \(a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
ta có:
VT=(a+b+c)^3=[(a+b)+c]^3
=(a+b)^3+c^3+3(a+b)c(a+b+c)
=a^3+b^3+c^3+3ab(a+b)+3c(a+b+c)(a+b)
=a^3+b^3+c^3+3(a+b)(ab+ac+cb+c^2)
=a^3+b^3+c^3+3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
=>VT=VP( đpcm)
\(a,VT=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)=a^2c^2+b^2c^2+a^2d^2+b^2d^2\)
\(VP=\left(ac+bd\right)^2+\left(ad-bc\right)^2=a^2c^2+2abcd+b^2d^2+a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2c^2=a^2c^2+b^2c^2+a^2d^2+b^2d^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=a^2c^2+b^2c^2+a^2d^2+b^2d^2=VP\left(đpcm\right)\)
b, Tham khảo:Chứng minh hằng đẳng thức:(a+b+c)3= a3 + b3 + c3 + 3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) - Hoc24
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=a^2+2ab+b^2+b^2+2bc+c^2+c^2+2ca+a^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)a+a^2\right]-\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(3a^2+3ab+3bc+3ac\right)\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
a) Áp dụng nhiều lần công thức \(\left(x+y\right)^3=x^3-y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)\), ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)+c\right]^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3+3c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3+3c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(Đpcm\right)\)
b) Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=a^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+b^2+c^3-3abc-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-bc-ab\right)\)
Mình nghĩ bằng thế này mới đúng, bạn chắc ghi sai đề rồi ![]()
a) Ta có: (a + b + c)3 - a3 - b3 - c3 = [ (a + b + c)3 - a3 ] - ( b3 + c3)
= (a + b + c - a) ( a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac + a2 + ab + ac + a2) - (b + c) ( b2 - bc + c3)
= (b + c) ( 3a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 2bc + 3ac) - (b + c) ( b2 - bc + c3)
= ( b + c) ( 3a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 2bc + 3ac - b2 + bc - c3)
= ( b + c) ( 3a2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ac)
= 3 (b + c) [a (a + b) + c (a + b)]
= 3 (b + c) (a + b) (a + c) (đpcm)
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 5:
a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)
=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)
=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)
=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0
=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-8x-16+21\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 5:
a: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+ac+bc\)
=>\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
b: \(a^2-2a+b^2+4b+4c^2-4c+6=0\)
=>\(a^2-2a+1+b^2+4b+4+4c^2-4c+1=0\)
=>\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b+2\right)^2+\left(2c-1\right)^2=0\)
=>a-1=0 và b+2=0 và 2c-1=0
=>a=1 và b=-2 và c=1/2
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Bài 1:
a: \(A=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+\cdots+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+\cdots+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
=100+99+98+87+...+2+1
\(=100\cdot\frac{\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
b: \(B=3\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^2-1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\cdot\ldots\cdot\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{16}-1\right)\left(2^{16}+1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{32}-1\right)\left(2^{32}+1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2^{64}-1\right)\left(2^{64}+1\right)+1=2^{128}-1+1=2^{128}\)
c: \(C=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2-2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=2c^2\)
Bài 2:
a: \(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3ab^2-3a^2b\)
\(=a^3+b^3\)
b: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right\rbrack-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
=(a+b+c)\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)\)
\(2,\\ a,a^3+b^3=a^3=3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\\ b,a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-ab-bc\right)\)
Bài 4:
a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0
=>x=-4
b: \(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=-x^2+2x-1-4y^2-4y-1+7\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và 2y+1=0
=>x=1 và y=-1/2
Bài 3:
a: \(A=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x^2+5x=0\)
=>x(x+5)=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-5
c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y-2=0
=>x=1 và y=2