Đáp án A

Chọn A

Phương pháp: Tìm công thức số hạng tổng quát

Cách giải: Ta có:

u ( 1 ) = 1

u ( 2 ) = u ( 1 ) + u ( 1 ) = 2 u ( 1 ) + 1

u ( 3 ) = u ( 2 ) + u ( 1 ) = 3 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2

u ( 4 ) = u ( 3 ) + u ( 1 ) = 4 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2 + 3

. . .

u ( 2017 ) = u ( 2016 ) + u ( 1 ) = 2017 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2 + 3 . . . + 2016

⇒ u ( 2017 ) = 1 + 2 + 3 . . . + 2016 + 2017 = 2035153

a: Ta có: \(u_1 = \frac{1}{3}, \quad u_{n+1} = \frac{2u_n}{2u_n(3n-1) + 1}, \forall n \in \mathbb{N}^*\)

=>\(\frac{1}{u_{n+1}} = \frac{2u_n(3n-1) + 1}{2u_n} = (3n - 1) + \frac{1}{2u_n}\)

Đặt \(v_n = \frac{1}{u_n}\)

=>\(v_1=1:\frac13=3\)

Ta có công thức truy hồi sau: \(v_{n+1} = \frac{1}{2}v_n + 3n - 1\)

a: \(v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1+3\cdot1-1=\frac{3}{2}+2=\frac{7}{2}\)

\(v_3=\frac{1}{2}v_2+3\cdot2-1=\frac{7}{4}+5=\frac{27}{4}\)

\(v_4=\frac{1}{2}v_3+3\cdot3-1=\frac{27}{8}+8=\frac{91}{8}\)

=>\(u_4=1:\frac{91}{8}=\frac{8}{91}\)

\(v_{n+1} + A(n+1) + B = \frac{1}{2}(v_n + An + B)\)

=>\(v_{n+1}=\frac{1}{2}v_{n}-\frac{A}{2}n-A-\frac{B}{2}\)

=>\(\begin{cases} -\frac{A}{2} = 3 \\ -A - \frac{B}{2} = -1 \end{cases} \implies \begin{cases} A = -6 \\ B = 14 \end{cases}\)

Đặt \(w_n = v_n - 6n + 14\)

=>\(w_{n+1} = \frac{1}{2}w_n\)

=>(Wn) là cấp số nhân với \(w_1=v_1-6\cdot1+14=3-6+14=17-6=11\) và công bội là q=1/2

=>\(w_n = w_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1} = 11 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\)

=>\(v_n = w_n + 6n - 14 = 11 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1} + 6n - 14\)

=>\(u_n = \frac{1}{11 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1} + 6n - 14}\)

Ta có: \(S = \frac{1}{u_1} + \frac{1}{u_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{u_n}\)

=>\(S=\sum_{k=1}^{n}v_{k}\)

\(=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\left[11\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{k-1}+6k-14\right]\)

\(S_1 = 11 \sum_{k=1}^n \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{k-1} = 11 \cdot \frac{1 - \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n}{1 - \frac{1}{2}} = 22 \left[ 1 - \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n \right]\)

\(S_2 = 6 \sum_{k=1}^n k = 6 \cdot \frac{n(n+1)}{2} = 3n^2 + 3n\)

\(S_3 = \sum_{k=1}^n (-14) = -14n\)

Do đó: \(S=S_1+S_2+S_3\)

\(=22\left[1-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n}\right]+3n^2+3n-14n\)

\(=3n^2-11n+22-22\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n}\)