S= u₁.u₁ + u₂.u₂+...+u_n.u_n 

S = u₁.(u₂ - d) + u₂.(u₃ - d)+...+u_n(u_n+1 - d)

S = u₁.u₂ + u₂.u₃ +...+u_n.u_n+1-d(u₁+u₂+...+u_n)

Đặt A = u₂.u₃ + u₃.u₄+...+u_n.u_n+1

3d.A = u₂.u₃.(u₄-u₁) + u₃.u₄.(u₅-u₂)+...+u_n.u_n+1.(u_n+2-u_n-1) 

3d.A = u₂.u₃.u₄ - u₁.u₂.u₃ + u₃.u₄.u₅ - u₂.u₃.u₄+...+u_n.u_n+1.u_n+2 - u_n-1.u_n.u_n+1

3d.A = u_n.u_n+1.u_n+2 - u₁.u₂.u₃

3d.A = (u₁ + d.n - d)(u₁ + d.n)(u₁ + d.n + d) - u₁.(u₁+d).(u₁+2.d) 

A = [(u₁ + d.n - d)(u₁ + d.n)(u₁ + d.n + d) - u₁.(u₁+d).(u₁+2.d)]/(3.d) 

S = A + u₁.(u₁ + d) + d[2.u₁+(n-1).d].n/2 

1)

Vì -1\(\le\) sin(5n)\(\le\) 1

Nên \(\lim\limits_{n\rarr+\infty}\left(\frac{\sin\left(5n\right)}{3n}-2\right)\) = -2

2)

\(-1\le\cos2n\le1\)

Có \(\lim\limits_{n\rarr+\infty}\left(5-\frac{\left(n^2\cos2n\right)}{n^2+1}\right)\)

= \(\lim\limits_{n\rarr+\infty}5-\frac{\left(\cos2n\right)}{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}\) =A => A nhận các giá trị trong đoạn [4;6]

3)

Có \({\sum_1^{+\infty}\frac{\frac{n}{2}}{n^2+1}}\) =\(\) \(\frac{\frac12+\frac12\left(n-1\right)}{n^2+1}\) nên lim của nó =0

4)

4)

\(\sum_1^{+\infty}\) \(\frac{\left(-1\right)^{n+1}}{2^{n}}\) =\(\lim\limits_{n\rarr+\infty}\) \(\frac{\frac12\left(1-\left(-\frac12\right)^{n}\right)}{1-\frac{-1}{2}}\) =\(\frac13\)

5)

\(\lim\limits_{n\rarr+\infty}\) \(\frac{n-2\sqrt{n}\sin2n}{2n}\) =\(\frac12\)

a) \(u_n=u_1.q^{n-1}=u_1.2^{n-1}\)
\(S_n=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^n\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-2^n\right)}{1-2}=u_1\left(2^n-1\right)\);
\(\dfrac{S_n}{u_n}=\dfrac{u_1\left(2^n-1\right)}{u_1.2^{n-1}}=\dfrac{2^n-1}{2^{n-1}}=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}=\dfrac{63}{32}\)
Vì vậy \(\dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}=\dfrac{1}{32}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}}=\dfrac{1}{2^5}\)\(\Leftrightarrow n-1=5\Leftrightarrow n=6\).
b)
\(u_n=2.q^{n-1}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)\(\Rightarrow q^{n-1}=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
\(S_n=\dfrac{2\left(1-q^n\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{2\left(1-q.q^{n-1}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{2\left(1-\dfrac{1}{16}q\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{31}{8}\);
Suy ra \(q=-1\).

B