Bài 1:

1: \(y=\frac{\sin x+2\cdot cosx+1}{2\cdot\sin x+cosx+3}\)

=>\(2y\cdot\sin x+y\cdot cosx+3y=\sin x+2\cdot cosx+1\)

=>\(\left(2y-1\right)\cdot\sin x+cosx\cdot\left(y-2\right)=1-3y\)

Để phương trình có nghiệm thì \(\left(2y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2>=\left(1-3y\right)^2\)

=>\(4y^2-4y+1+y^2-4y+4\ge9y^2-6y+1\)

=>\(5y^2-8y+5-9y^2+6y-1\ge0\)

=>\(-4y^2-2y+4\ge0\)

=>\(y^2+\frac12y-1\le0\)

=>\(y^2+2\cdot y\cdot\frac14+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{17}{16}\le0\)

=>\(\left(y+\frac14\right)^2\le\frac{17}{16}\)

=>\(-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\le y+\frac14\le\frac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{-\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\le y\le\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\)

=>\(y_{\min}=\frac{-\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\) và \(y_{\max}=\frac{\sqrt{17}-1}{4}\)

2: \(y=2\cdot\sin^2x-3\cdot\sin x\cdot cosx+cos^2x\)

\(=2\cdot\frac{1-cos2x}{2}-3\cdot\frac12\cdot\sin2x+\frac{1+cos2x}{2}\)

\(=1-cos2x-\frac32\cdot\sin2x+\frac12+\frac12\cdot cos2x\)

\(=-\frac32\cdot\sin2x-\frac12\cdot cos2x+\frac32=-\frac12\left(3\cdot\sin2x+cos2x-3\right)\)

\(=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}}\cdot\sin2x+\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}}\cdot cos2x-\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}}\right)\)

\(=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\left\lbrack\sin\left(2x+\alpha\right)-\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}}\right\rbrack\) , với \(cosa=\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}};\sin a=\frac{1}{\sqrt{10}}\)

\(=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\sin\left(2x+\alpha\right)+\frac32\)

Ta có: \(-1\le\sin\left(2x+a\right)\le1\)

=>\(-1\cdot\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\ge\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\sin\left(2x+a\right)\ge1\cdot\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\le\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\sin\left(2x+a\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}+\frac32\le\frac{-\sqrt{10}}{2}\cdot\sin\left(2x+a\right)+\frac32\le\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}+\frac32\)

=>\(y_{\min}=\frac{-\sqrt{10}+3}{2};y_{\max}=\frac{\sqrt{10}+3}{2}\)

2.

$y=\sin ^4x+\cos ^4x=(\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)^2-2\sin ^2x\cos ^2x$

$=1-\frac{1}{2}(2\sin x\cos x)^2=1-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x$

Vì: $0\leq \sin ^22x\leq 1$

$\Rightarrow 1\geq 1-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x\geq \frac{1}{2}$

Vậy $y_{\max}=1; y_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}$

3.

$0\leq |\sin x|\leq 1$

$\Rightarrow 3\geq 3-2|\sin x|\geq 1$

Vậy $y_{\min}=1; y_{\max}=3$

a/ \(y=sin2x+\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)cos2x+sin^2x-cos^2x-1\)

\(=sin2x+\sqrt{3}cos2x-1=2sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)-1\)

Do \(-1\le sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\le1\Rightarrow-3\le y\le1\)

b/ \(y=2sin^2x-2cos^2x-3sinx.cosx-1\)

\(=-2cos2x-\frac{3}{2}sin2x-1=-\frac{5}{2}\left(\frac{3}{5}sinx+\frac{4}{5}cosx\right)-1\)

\(=-\frac{5}{2}sin\left(x+a\right)-1\Rightarrow-\frac{7}{2}\le y\le\frac{3}{2}\)

c/ \(y=1-sin2x+2cos2x+\frac{3}{2}sin2x=\frac{1}{2}sin2x+2cos2x+1\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}sin2x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}}cos2x\right)+1=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}sin\left(2x+a\right)+1\)

\(\Rightarrow-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}+1\le y\le\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}+1\)

Khi cho A td KOH thu được ancol đồng đẳng. => Các ancol là no đơn chức mạch hở.

Gọi CT các este: \(C_mH_{2m+1}COOC_{m'}H_{2m'+1};C_nH_{2n-1}COOC_{n'}H_{2n'-1};C_qH_{2q}\left(COOC_{q'}H_{2q'}\right)_2\)

TN2: Đốt hỗn hợp 3 muối.

Đặt \(n_{K_2CO_3}=x;n_{H_2O}=y\left(mol\right)\)

\(BTNT.K\Rightarrow n_{COOK^-}=2n_{K_2CO_3}=2x\left(mol\right)\\ BTNT.O\Rightarrow2n_{COOK^-}+2n_{O_2}=3n_{K_2CO_3}+2n_{CO_2}+n_{H_2O}\\ \Rightarrow x-y=0,3\\ BTKL\Rightarrow m_{M'}+m_{O_2}=m_{K_2CO_3}+m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\\ \Rightarrow138x+18y=99,9\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,675\\y=0,375\end{matrix}\right.\)

H² muối gồm: \(C_mH_{2m+1}COOK\text{ }a\text{ }mol;C_nH_{2n-1}COOK\text{ }b\text{ }mol;C_qH_{2q}\left(COOK\right)_2\text{ }c\text{ }mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_A=a+b+c=0,85\\ BTNT.C\Rightarrow\left(m+1\right)a+\left(n+1\right)b+\left(q+2\right)c=n_{K_2CO_3}+n_{CO_2}=1,75\\ \Rightarrow ma+nb+qc=0,4\\ BTNT.K\Rightarrow a+b+2c=1,35\\ BTNT.H\Rightarrow\left(2m+1\right)a+\left(2n-1\right)b+2qc=2n_{H_2O}=0,75\\ \Rightarrow a-b=-0,05\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,2\\c=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow0,15m+0,2n+0,5q=0,4\)

Do \(m;q\ge0\Rightarrow n\le\frac{0,4}{0,2}=2\)

Mà \(n\ge2\Rightarrow n=2\Rightarrow m=q=0\)

\(\text{c) }y=2sin^2x+4\sqrt{3}sinx\cdot cosx+6cos^2x+1\\ =\left(1-cos2x\right)+2\sqrt{3}sin2x+3\left(cos2x+1\right)+1\\ =2cos2x+2\sqrt{3}sin2x+5\)

Đặt \(t=2cos2x+2\sqrt{3}sin2x\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2\le\left[2^2+\left(2\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right]\left(cos^22x+sin^22x\right)=16\\ \Rightarrow-4\le t\le4\\ \Rightarrow1\le y\le9\\ \)

Vậy \(Min\text{ }y=1\Leftrightarrow sin2x=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(Max\text{ }y=9\Leftrightarrow sin2x=\frac{1}{2}\)