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1.
Cho $a+b+c=0$.
Ta có:
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)$
$\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2=b^2+c^2+2bc$
$\Rightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc$
Tương tự:
$b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca$
$c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab$
Do đó: $A=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}$
$=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}$
Mà $a+b+c=0$ nên:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$
Suy ra $A=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}$
$A=\dfrac32$
2.
Cho $abc=2$.
Ta có:
$A=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}$
Vì $abc=2$ nên:
$ab=\dfrac2c,\quad bc=\dfrac2a,\quad ac=\dfrac2b$
Suy ra:
$A=\dfrac{ac}{2+ac+2c}+\dfrac{ab}{2+ab+a}+\dfrac{2bc}{2+2bc+2b}$
$=\dfrac{ac}{2+ac+2c}+\dfrac{ab}{2+ab+a}+\dfrac{bc}{1+bc+b}$
Quy đồng và sử dụng $abc=2$:
$A=1$
\(A=\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+d\right)\right]^2+\left[\left(a+b\right)-\left(c+d\right)\right]^2+\left[\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-d\right)\right]^2+\left[\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-d\right)\right]^2\)
Ta có
\(\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+d\right)\right]^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)+\left(c+d\right)^2\)
\(\left[\left(a+b\right)-\left(c+d\right)\right]^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)+\left(c+d\right)^2\)
\(\left[\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-d\right)\right]^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)\left(c-d\right)+\left(c-d\right)^2\)
\(\left[\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-d\right)\right]^2=\left(a-b\right)^2-2\left(a-b\right)\left(c-d\right)+\left(c-d\right)^2\)
\(A=2\left(a+b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(c+d\right)^2+2\left(c-d\right)^2\)
\(A=2\left(a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2+c^2+2cd+d^2+c^2-2cd+d^2\right)\)
\(A=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)
2(a+b)2+2(c+d)2+2(a−b)2+2(d−c)2=2(2a2+2b2+2d2+2c2=4(∑a2)⇔2(a+b)2+2(c+d)2+2(a−b)2+2(d−c)2=2(2a2+2b2+2d2+2c2=4(∑a2)
a: \(=a^2+2a\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2+a^2-2a\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2-2\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=2a^2+2\left(b-c\right)^2-2\left(b-c\right)^2=2a^2\)
b: \(=a^2+2a\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2+a^2-2a\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(b-c-a\right)^2+\left(c-a-b\right)^2\)
\(=2a^2+2\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a-b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2\)
\(=2a^2+2\left(b+c\right)^2+a^2-2a\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2+a^2+2a\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=2a^2+2\left(b+c\right)^2+2a^2+2\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=4a^2+2\left(b^2+2bc+c^2+b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2\)
\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2+\left(a+b-c-d\right)^2+\left(a-b+c-d\right)^2+\left(a-b-c+d\right)^2\)(Sửa lại nha bn viết sai để)
Đặt x=a+b , y=c+d , z=a-b , t=c-d
Khi đó biểu thức bằng
\(\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(z+t\right)^2+\left(z-t\right)^2\)
\(=x^2+y^2+2xy+x^2+y^2-2xy+z^2+t^2+2zt+z^2+t^2-2zt\)
\(=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2\right)=2\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2(a^2+b^2-2ab+a^2+b^2-2ab+c^2+d^2+2cd+c^2+d^2-2cd)\)
\(=2\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2\right)=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)