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\(=\int\left(6x^2-\dfrac{4}{x}+sin3x-cos4x+e^{2x+1}+9^{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}-\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}\right)dx\)
\(=2x^3-4ln\left|x\right|-\dfrac{1}{3}cos3x-\dfrac{1}{4}sin4x+\dfrac{1}{2}e^{2x+1}+\dfrac{9^{x-1}}{ln9}+tanx+cotx+C\)
a: \(\int\left(6x-\frac{1}{\sin^2x}+1\right)\) dx
=\(6\cdot\frac{x^2}{2}-\left(-\cot x\right)+x+C=3x^2+\cot x+x+C\)
b: \(\int\frac{x^3+2x^2-1}{x^2}\) dx
\(=\int\left(x+2-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\) dx
=\(\frac{x^2}{2}+2x-\frac{x^{-1}}{-1}+C=\frac{x^2}{2}+2x+\frac{1}{x}+C\)
\(\int\left(3x^2-2x-4\right)dx=x^3-x^2-4x+C\)
\(\int\left(sin3x-cos4x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}cos3x-\dfrac{1}{4}sin4x+C\)
\(\int\left(e^{-3x}-4^x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}e^{-3x}-\dfrac{4^x}{ln4}+C\)
d. \(I=\int lnxdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow u=x.lnx-\int dx=x.lnx-x+C\)
e. Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.e^x-\int e^xdx=x.e^x-e^x+C\)
f.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x+1\\dv=sinxdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=-cosx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-\left(x+1\right)cosx+\int cosxdx=-\left(x+1\right)cosx+sinx+C\)
g.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2.lnx-\dfrac{1}{2}\int xdx=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2.lnx-\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)
a: \(I_1 = \int \left( \tan(x) - \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \right) dx\)
=>\(I_1 = \int \tan(x) \, dx - \int \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx\)
\(A=\int\tan(x)\,dx\)
\(=\int\frac{\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}\,dx\)
\(=-\int\frac{d(\cos(x))}{\cos(x)}=-\ln\vert{}\cos(x)\vert{}\)
\(B = \int \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx\)
Đặt \(u=\ln(\cos(x))\)
\(\implies du=\frac{-\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}dx=-\tan(x)dx\)
\(\int \tan(x) \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx = -\int u^{15} \, du = -\frac{u^{16}}{16} + C = -\frac{\ln^{16}(\cos(x))}{16} + C\)
Do đó: \(I_1 = -\ln\vert{}\cos(x)\vert{} - \int \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx + C\)
b: \(I_2 = \int \frac{x^4 + x^2 + 1}{2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7} \, dx\)
Ta có: \(x^4 + x^2 + 1 = \left( \frac{x}{2} - \frac{5}{4} \right)(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7) + \left( \frac{25}{4}x^2 + \frac{7}{2}x - \frac{31}{4} \right)\)
=>\(\frac{x^4 + x^2 + 1}{2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7}=\frac{x}{2}-\frac{5}{4}+\frac{\frac{25}{4}x^2 + \frac{7}{2}x - \frac{31}{4}}{2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7}\)
\(=\frac{x}{2}-\frac{5}{4}+\frac{25x^2 + 14x - 31}{4(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7)}\)
Đặt \(\frac{25x^2 + 14x - 31}{(x - 1)(2x^2 + 7x + 7)} = \frac{A}{x - 1} + \frac{Bx + C}{2x^2 + 7x + 7}\)
=>\(25x^2 + 14x - 31 = A(2x^2 + 7x + 7) + (Bx + C)(x - 1)\)
=>\(25x^2+14x-31=x^2\left(2A+B\right)+x\left(7A-B+C\right)+7A-C\)
=>\(\begin{cases}2A+B=25\\ 7A-B+C=14\\ 7A-C=-31\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}2A+B=25\\ 7A-B+C-7A+C=14+31\\ 7A-C=-31\end{cases}\)
=>2A+B=25 và -B+2C=45 và 7A-C=-31
=>B=25-2A và -25+2A+2C=45 và 7A-C=-31
=>2A+2C=70 và 7A-C=-31 và B=25-2A
=>A+C=35 và 7A-C=-31 và B=25-2A
=>8A=4 và A+C=35 và B=25-2A
=>A=1/2; C=35-1/2=69/2; B=25-2*1/2=24
Do đó: \(\frac{25x^2 + 14x - 31}{4(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7)} = \frac{1}{8(x - 1)} + \frac{24x + \frac{69}{2}}{4(2x^2 + 7x + 7)} = \frac{1}{8(x - 1)} + \frac{48x + 69}{8(2x^2 + 7x + 7)}\)
48x+69=12(4x+7)-15
=>\(\int \frac{48x + 69}{2x^2 + 7x + 7} dx = 12 \int \frac{4x + 7}{2x^2 + 7x + 7} dx - 15 \int \frac{dx}{2x^2 + 7x + 7}\)
\(= 12 \ln(2x^2 + 7x + 7) - \frac{15}{2} \int \frac{dx}{\left(x + \frac{7}{4}\right)^2 + \frac{7}{16}}\)
\(= 12 \ln(2x^2 + 7x + 7) - \frac{30}{\sqrt{7}} \arctan\left( \frac{4x + 7}{\sqrt{7}} \right)\)
=>\(I_2 = \int \left( \frac{x}{2} - \frac{5}{4} \right) dx + \frac{1}{8} \int \frac{dx}{x - 1} + \frac{1}{8} \int \frac{48x + 69}{2x^2 + 7x + 7} dx\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{4}-\frac{5x}{4}+\frac{1}{8}\ln\vert{}x-1\vert{}+\frac{3}{2}\ln(2x^2+7x+7)-\frac{15}{4\sqrt{7}}\arctan\left(\frac{4x + 7}{\sqrt{7}}\right)+C\)
Để tìm một số nguyên hàm ta có thể lưu ý và áp dụng nhận xetsau : nguyên hàm của một phân thức mà tử số của nó là vi phân của mẫu số là bằng logarit của đại lượng tuyệt đối của mẫu số :
\(\int\frac{u'dx}{u}=\int\frac{du}{u}=\ln\left|u\right|+C\)
a) \(\int\frac{\cos2x}{\sin x\cos x}dx=2\int\frac{\cos2x}{\sin2x}dx=\int\frac{d\left(\sin2x\right)}{\sin2x}=\ln\left|\sin2x\right|+C\)
b)\(\int\frac{e^{2x}}{1-3e^{2x}}dx=-\frac{1}{6}\int\frac{-6e^{2x}}{1-3e^{2x}}dx=-\frac{1}{6}\int\frac{d\left(1-3e^{2x}\right)}{1-3e^{2x}}=-\frac{1}{6}\ln\left|1-3e^{2x}\right|+C\)
c)\(\int\frac{2x-5}{x^2-5x+7}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x^2-5x+7\right)}{x^2-5x+7}=\ln\left|x^2-5x+7\right|+C\)
\(=\ln\left(x^2-5x+7\right)+C\)
d)\(\int\frac{xdx}{x^2+1}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{2xdx}{x^2+1}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+1}=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(x^2+1\right)+C\)
e) \(\int\frac{dx}{\sin x}=\int\frac{\sin xdx}{\sin^2x}=\int\frac{d\left(\cos x\right)}{\cos^2x-1}=\frac{1}{2}\ln\frac{1-\cos x}{1+\cos x}+C\)
1.
\(I=\int\dfrac{cot^2x}{sin^6x}dx=\int\dfrac{cot^2x}{sin^4x}.\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}=\int cot^2x\left(1+cot^2x\right)^2.\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}dx\)
Đặt \(u=cotx\Rightarrow du=-\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}dx\)
\(I=-\int u^2\left(1+u^2\right)^2du=-\int\left(u^6+2u^4+u^2\right)du\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{7}u^7+\dfrac{2}{5}u^5+\dfrac{1}{3}u^3+C\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{7}cot^7x+\dfrac{2}{5}cot^5x+\dfrac{1}{3}cot^3x+C\)
2.
\(I=\int\left(e^{sinx}+cosx\right).cosxdx=\int e^{sinx}.cosxdx+\int cos^2xdx\)
\(=\int e^{sinx}.d\left(sinx\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\int\left(1+cos2x\right)dx\)
\(=e^{sinx}+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}sin2x+C\)
\(I_1=\int cos\left(\frac{\pi x}{2}\right)dx-\int\frac{2}{6x+5}dx=\frac{2}{\pi}\int cos\left(\frac{\pi x}{2}\right)d\left(\frac{\pi x}{2}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\int\frac{d\left(6x+5\right)}{6x+5}\)
\(=\frac{2}{\pi}sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{2}\right)-\frac{1}{3}ln\left|6x+5\right|+C\)
\(I_2=-\frac{1}{2}\int\left(4-x^4\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}d\left(4-x^4\right)=-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(4-x^4\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{3}{2}}+C=\frac{-\sqrt{\left(4-x^4\right)^3}}{3}+C\)
\(I_3=2\int e^{\frac{1}{2}\left(4+x^2\right)}d\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(4+x^2\right)\right)=2e^{\frac{1}{2}\left(4+x^2\right)}+C=2\sqrt{e^{4+x^2}}+C\)
\(I_4=-\frac{1}{2}\int\left(1-x^2\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}d\left(1-x^2\right)=-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(1-x^2\right)^{\frac{4}{3}}}{\frac{4}{3}}+C=-\frac{3}{8}\sqrt[3]{\left(1-x^2\right)^4}+C\)
\(I_5=\int e^{sinx}d\left(sinx\right)=e^{sinx}+C\)
\(I_6=\int\frac{d\left(1+sinx\right)}{1+sinx}=ln\left(1+sinx\right)+C\)
\(I_7=\int\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x-1}dx\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=t\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\Rightarrow dx=2tdt\)
\(\Rightarrow I_7=\int\left(t^2+2\right).t.2t.dt=\int\left(2t^4+4t^2\right)dt=\frac{2}{5}t^5+\frac{4}{3}t^3+C\)
\(=\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)^5}+\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)^3}+C\)
\(I_8=\int\left(2x+1\right)^{20}dx\)
Đặt \(2x+1=t\Rightarrow2dx=dt\Rightarrow dx=\frac{1}{2}dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I_8=\frac{1}{2}\int t^{20}dt=\frac{1}{42}t^{21}+C=\frac{1}{42}\left(2x+1\right)^{21}+C\)
\(I_9=-3\int\left(1-x^3\right)^{-\frac{1}{2}}d\left(1-x^3\right)=-3.\frac{\left(1-x^3\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{1}{2}}+C=-6\sqrt{1-x^3}+C\)
\(I_{10}=\int\frac{x}{\sqrt{2x+3}}dx\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3}=t\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}t^2-\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow dx=t.dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I_{10}=\int\frac{\frac{1}{2}t^2-\frac{3}{2}}{t}.t.dt=\frac{1}{2}\int\left(t^2-3\right)dt=\frac{2}{3}t^3-\frac{3}{2}t+C\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)^3}-\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{2x+3}+C\)
1: \(\int \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - x\right) dx\)
mà ta có công thức: \(\int \sin(ax + b) dx = -\frac{1}{a}\cos(ax + b) + C\) nên với a=-1; \(b=\frac{\pi}{4}\) thì
\(\int\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-x\right)dx=-\frac{1}{-1}\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-x\right)+C=\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-x\right)+C\)
2: \(\int \frac{7}{\cos^2(3-x)} dx = \frac{7}{-1} \tan(3-x) = -7\tan(3-x)\)
\(\int 8\sin(9-3x) dx = 8 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{-3}\right)\cos(9-3x) = \frac{8}{3}\cos(9-3x)\)
\(\int -\frac{1}{x} dx = -\ln\vert{}x\vert{}\)
\(\int \frac{6}{3-2x} dx = 6 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\ln\vert{}3-2x\vert{} = -3\ln\vert{}3-2x\vert{}\)
\(\int \sqrt{x} dx = \int x^{\frac{1}{2}} dx = \frac{x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{2}{3}x\sqrt{x}\)
\(\int \left( \frac{7}{\cos^2(3-x)} + 8\sin(9-3x) - \frac{1}{x} + \frac{6}{3-2x} + \sqrt{x} \right) dx\)
\(= -7\tan(3-x) + \frac{8}{3}\cos(9-3x) - \ln\vert{}x\vert{} - 3\ln\vert{}3-2x\vert{} + \frac{2}{3}x\sqrt{x} + C\)
3: \(\int \frac{7}{\cos^2 x} dx = 7\tan x\)
\(\int -\frac{8}{2x+1} dx = -8 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \ln\vert{}2x+1\vert{} = -4\ln\vert{}2x+1\vert{}\)
\(\int 9^{2x+1} dx = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{9^{2x+1}}{\ln 9} = \frac{9^{2x+1}}{4\ln 3}\)
\(\int e^{5-2x} dx = -\frac{1}{2}e^{5-2x}\)
\(\int 8 dx = 8x\)
\(\int \left( \frac{7}{\cos^2 x} - \frac{8}{2x+1} + 9^{2x+1} + e^{5-2x} + 8 \right) dx\)
\(= 7\tan x - 4\ln\vert{}2x+1\vert{} + \frac{9^{2x+1}}{4\ln 3} - \frac{1}{2}e^{5-2x} + 8x + C\)
4: \(\int \frac{4}{x} dx = 4\ln\vert{}x\vert{}\)
\(\int -x^{-\frac{1}{2}} dx = -\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{1}{2}} = -2\sqrt{x}\)
\(\int 5x^4 dx = 5 \cdot \frac{x^5}{5} = x^5\)
\(\int -6x^6 dx = -6 \cdot \frac{x^7}{7} = -\frac{6}{7}x^7\)
\(\int\frac{3 - \sqrt{x} + 5x^5 - 6x^7 + 1}{x}dx\)
\(=\int\frac{4 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 5x^5 - 6x^7}{x}dx\)
\(= \int \left( \frac{4}{x} - x^{-\frac{1}{2}} + 5x^4 - 6x^6 \right) dx\)
\(= 4\ln\vert{}x\vert{} - 2\sqrt{x} + x^5 - \frac{6}{7}x^7 + C\)