\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,1=9,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{ddMgCl_2}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=2,4+200-0,1.2=202,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{202,2}.100\approx4,698\%\\ d,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:H_2+CuO\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\Rightarrow CuOdư\\ n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,1.80=8\left(g\right)\)

a, \(n_{Fe}=\frac{0.56}{56}=0.01\left(mol\right)\)

 \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

  0.01      0.01       0.01       0.01

\(V_{H_2}=0.01\times22.4=0.224\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.01\times98=0.98\left(g\right)\)

   \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{100\times0.98}{19.6}=5\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.01\times152=1.52\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\frac{1.52\times100}{5}=30.4\%\)

\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6.2}{62}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

\(0.1........................0.2\)

b) dung dịch NaOH làm quỳ tím hóa xanh 

\(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.5}=0.4\left(M\right)\)

\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(1\right):n_{H_2}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgSO_4}=0,1.120=12\left(g\right)\\ b,PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(2\right):n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)

$Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2$

$n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\ mol$

a) Khối lượng dung dịch HCl tối thiểu cần dùng:

Theo phương trình:

$n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,4\ mol$

$m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\ gam$

$m_{dd\ HCl}=\dfrac{14,6\cdot100}{7,3}=200\ gam$

b) Khối lượng muối tạo thành:

$n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\ mol$

$m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot127=25,4\ gam$

c) Nồng độ phần trăm dung dịch muối khi axit vừa đủ:

$n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\ mol$

$m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\ gam$

$m_{dd\ sau\ phản\ ứng}=200+11,2-0,4=210,8\ gam$

$C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4}{210,8}\cdot100\%\approx12,05\%$

d) Cho $11,2$ gam Fe vào $300$ gam dung dịch HCl $7,3\%$:

$m_{HCl}=\dfrac{300\cdot7,3}{100}=21,9\ gam$

$n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\ mol$

Theo phương trình, $n_{HCl\ phản\ ứng}=0,4\ mol$.

Vì $0,6>0,4$ nên HCl dư.

$n_{HCl\ dư}=0,6-0,4=0,2\ mol$

$m_{HCl\ dư}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\ gam$

$m_{FeCl_2}=25,4\ gam$

$m_{dd\ sau\ phản\ ứng}=300+11,2-0,4=310,8\ gam$

Dung dịch sau phản ứng gồm $FeCl_2$ và $HCl$ dư.

$C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4}{310,8}\cdot100\%\approx8,17\%$

$C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{310,8}\cdot100\%\approx2,35\%$

Vậy:

$a)\ m_{dd\ HCl}=200\ gam$

$b)\ m_{FeCl_2}=25,4\ gam$

$c)\ C\%_{FeCl_2}\approx12,05\%$

$d)\ C\%_{FeCl_2}\approx8,17\%;\quad C\%_{HCl}\approx2,35\%$

nMg = 6/24 = 0,25 (mol)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

nH2 = 0,25 (mol(

VH2 = 0,25 . 24,79 = 6,1975 (l)

CuO + H2 -> (t°) Cu + H2O

nCu = 0,25 (mol)

mCu = 0,25 . 64 = 16 (g)

2Al+6HCl-2AlCl3+3H2

0,5-------------0,5-----0,75

nAl=0,5 mol

m muối=0,5.133,5=66,75 g

VH2=0,75.22,4=16,8g

2

C% = 5/50 .100=10%

\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ c,V_{ddFeCl_2}=V_{ddHCl}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)

         1         2            1           1

       0,2       0,4         0,2        0,2

a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{250}=5,84\)⁰/₀

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