a)

\(175\cdot19+38\cdot175+43\cdot175\\ =175\cdot19+175\cdot38+175\cdot43\\ =175\cdot\left(19+38+43\right)\\ =175\cdot100\\ =17500\)

b)

\(125\cdot75+125\cdot13-80\cdot125\\ =125\cdot75+125\cdot13-125\cdot80\\ =125\cdot\left(75+13-80\right)\\ =125\cdot10\\ =125\cdot8\\ =1000\)

a, 175. 19 + 38. 175 + 43. 175

= 175. 19 + 175. 38 + 175. 43

= 175.(19 + 38 + 43)

= 175. 100

= 17500 

67:

a: \(\frac{-x}{2}+\frac{2x}{3}+\frac{x+1}{4}+\frac{2x+1}{6}=\frac83\)

=>\(\frac{-6x}{12}+\frac{8x}{12}+\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{12}+\frac{2\left(2x+1\right)}{12}=\frac{32}{12}\)

=>-6x+8x+3(x+1)+2(2x+1)=32

=>2x+3x+3+4x+2=32

=>9x=32-5=27

=>x=3

b: \(\frac{3}{2x+1}+\frac{10}{4x+2}-\frac{6}{6x+3}=\frac{12}{26}\)

=>\(\frac{3}{2x+1}+\frac{5}{2x+1}-\frac{2}{2x+1}=\frac{12}{26}=\frac{6}{13}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{2x+1}=\frac{6}{13}\)

=>2x+1=13

=>2x=12

=>x=6

Bài 68:

a: \(\frac{1}{51}<\frac{1}{50};\frac{1}{52}<\frac{1}{50};...;\frac{1}{100}<\frac{1}{50}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}<\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}+\cdots+\frac{1}{50}=\frac{50}{50}=1\) (1)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{51}>\frac{1}{100};\frac{1}{52}>\frac{1}{100};\ldots;\frac{1}{100}=\frac{1}{100}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+..+\frac{1}{100}>\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{100}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}>\frac{50}{100}=\frac12\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac12<\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}<1\)

b: Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}<\frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}<\frac{1}{20};\ldots;\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+\cdots+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{10}{20}=\frac12\) (3)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}<\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{32}<\frac{1}{30};\ldots;\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac13\) (4)

Từ (3),(4) suy ra \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac12+\frac13=\frac56\left(5\right)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{30};\ldots;\frac{1}{30}=\frac{1}{30}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac13\) (6)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{32}>\frac{1}{40};\ldots;\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{10}{40}=\frac14\) (7)

Từ (6),(7) suy ra \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac13+\frac14=\frac{7}{12}\) (8)

Từ (5),(8) suy ra \(\frac{7}{12}<\frac{1}{21}+\ldots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac56\)

2/

Xét phân số \(\dfrac{2n-3}{n+1}=\dfrac{2n+2-5}{n+1}=\dfrac{2n+2}{n+1}-\dfrac{5}{n+1}=\dfrac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n+1}-\dfrac{5}{n+1}=2-\dfrac{5}{n+1}\)

\(n\in Z\Rightarrow2n-3\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;-5;1;5\right\}\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(n\in\left\{-1;1;2;4\right\}\)

1/

(x + 1) + (x + 3) + (x + 5) + ... + (x + 999) = 500

<=> (x + x + x + ... + x) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 999) = 500

Xét tổng A = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 999

Số số hạng của A là: (999 - 1) : 2 + 1 = 500 

Tổng A là: (999 + 1) x 500 : 2 = 250 000

Do A có 500 số hạng nên có 500 ẩn x.

Vậy ta có: 500x + 250 000 = 500

=> 500x = -249 500

=> x = 499

Vậy x = 499

\(\dfrac{15}{34}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{19}{34}-\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{3}{7}=\left(\dfrac{15}{34}+\dfrac{19}{34}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)+\dfrac{3}{7}=1-1+\dfrac{3}{7}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

a: \(640=2^7\cdot5;1440=2^5\cdot3^2\cdot5\)

=>ƯCLN(640;1440)\(=2^5\cdot5=32\cdot5=160\)

640⋮a; 1440⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(640;1440)

mà a lớn nhất

nên a=ƯCLN(640;1440)=160

b: \(450=2\cdot3^2\cdot5^2;210=2\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(450;210)\(=2\cdot3\cdot5=30\)

450⋮a; 210⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(450;210)

mà a lớn nhất

nên a=ƯCLN(450;210)=30

c: \(128=2^7;210=2\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(128;210)=2

128⋮a; 210⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(128;210)

=>a∈ Ư(2)

mà 6<a<15

nên a∈∅

d: \(2350=2\cdot5^2\cdot47;1260=2^2\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(2350;1260)=\(2\cdot5=10\)

2350⋮a; 1260⋮a

=>a ∈ƯC(2350;1260)

=>a∈ Ư(10)

mà 80<a<140

nên a∈∅

e: \(112=2^4\cdot7;140=2^2\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(112;140)\(=2^2\cdot7=28\)

112⋮a; 140⋮a

=>a ∈ƯC(112;140)

=>a∈ Ư(28)

mà 10<a<20

nên a=14

f: \(144=2^4\cdot3^2;192=2^6\cdot3\)

=>ƯCLN(144;192)\(=2^4\cdot3=16\cdot3=48\)

144⋮a; 192⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(144;192)

=>a∈ Ư(48)

mà a<20

nên a∈{1;2;3;4;6;8;12;16}

g: \(420=2^2\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7;700=2^2\cdot5^2\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(420;700)\(=2^2\cdot5\cdot7=4\cdot5\cdot7=20\cdot7=140\)

420⋮a; 700⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(420;700)

=>a∈ Ư(140)

mà a lớn nhất

nên a=140

Đường cao hình bình hành là :

   189 : 7 = 27 (m)

Diện tích hbh ban đầu là :

   27 x 47 = 1269(m^2)