minh ngu anh lam

trong hơn 1000 năm, đất nước ta liên tục chiến đấu chống lại quân xâm lược phương Bắc. Cuộc nổi dậy đầu tiên của nhân dân ta chống lại những kẻ xâm lược đó là

Lịch sử chiến tranh Việt Nam-Trung Quốc là những cuộc xung đột, chiến tranh, từ thời Cổ đại đến thời Hiện đại giữa Việt Nam và Trung Quốc. Đây là các sự kiện nổi bật trong lịch sử Việt Nam.

Những xung đột đó được biết đến từ những truyền thuyết truyền miệng thời xa xưa, như truyền thuyết thời Hồng Bàng, quốc gia Văn Lang của Hùng Vương phải phòng vệ trước sự xâm lược của nhà Ân.

Nhà Tần sau khi thôn tính các quốc gia Trung Nguyên đã tiếp tục tràn xuống phía nam sông Trường Giang, xâm chiếm lãnh thổ các bộ lạc Bách Việt trong đó có Âu Lạc, Thục Phán đã lãnh đạo thành công cuộc chiến 10 năm bảo vệ lãnh thổ (218-208 TCN), nhưng sau đó bị mắc bẫy nên mất quyền cai trị đất nước vào tay nhà Triệu năm 179 TCN (hoặc 207 TCN). Từ đây vùng lãnh thổ độc lập của người Việt phải chịu tình trạng thuộc địa của các triều đại phương bắc Trung Quốc trong 10 thế kỷ (179 TCN- 905 hoặc 111 TCN - 905).^[1] Các triều đại của Trung Quốc từng kiểm soát lãnh thổ thuộc Việt Nam ngày nay là Tây Hán (111 TCN-9),Tân (9-23), Đông Hán (23-220) (gián đoạn 40-43 khởi nghĩa Hai Bà Trưng), Đông Ngô (222-280), Tây Tấn(280-316), Đông Tấn (317-420), Lưu Tống (420-479), Nam Tề (479-502), Lương (502-557), Trần (557-589), Tùy (581-619), Đường (618-905).

Người Việt giành được độc lập tự chủ, kết thúc thời kì Bắc thuộc có thể từ năm 905 khi Khúc Thừa Dụ giành quyền tự chủ, hay năm 938 khi Ngô Quyền đánh thắng quân Nam Hán. Người Việt giành được tự chủ cho mình, nhưng trong suốt hơn 1000 năm tiếp theo cho đến hiện tại xảy ra nhiều cuộc chiến tranh giữa hai quốc gia.

The history of Vietnam-China war is a conflict, a war, from Ancient to Modern times between Vietnam and China. These are outstanding events in Vietnamese history.

These conflicts are known from the oral tradition of ancient times,  the legend of the Hong Bang period, the nation of Van Lang of Hung Vuong must defend against the invasion of An.

The Qin Dynasty after annexing the Zhongyuan nations continued to spread south of the Changjiang River, invading the territory of the Bach Viet tribes including Au Lac and Thuc Phan who successfully led the 10-year war. territory (218-208 BC), but was later trapped and lost control of the country to the hands of Zhao in 179 BC (or 207 BC). From here the independent territory of the Vietnamese was subject to colonial rule of northern Chinese dynasties for 10 centuries (179 BC-905 or 111 BC - 905). [1] The Chinese dynasties that controlled the territory of Vietnam today are Tay Han (111 BC-9), Tan (9-23), Dong Han (23-220) (interrupting 40-43 Hai Ba uprising. Trung), Dong Ngo (222-280), Tay Tan (280-316), Dong Tan (317-420), Luu Tong (420-479), Nam Te (479-502), Luong (502-557), Tran (557-589), Tuyet (581-619), Duong (618-905).

The Vietnamese gained independence and independence, ending the Northern domination period from 905 when Khuc Thua Du won autonomy, or in 938 when Ngo Quyen defeated the Nam Han army. The Vietnamese gained their autonomy, but during the next 1000 years until now there were many wars between the two countries.

Đề bài là gì vậy bạn ?

Vietnam's recorded history dates back to the mid-to-late 3rd century BC, when Âu Lạc and Nanyue (Nam Việt in Vietnamese) were established (Nanyue conquered Âu Lạc in 179 BC).^[1] Northern Vietnam was since the late third millennium BC populated by early farming communities, that had expanded from the original centers of rice and millet domesation in the Yangzi and Yellow River valleys.^[2] The Red River valley formed a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the north and west by mountains and jungles, to the east by the sea and to the south by the Red River Delta. According to legends, the first Vietnamese state was founded in 2879 BC,^[3][4][5] but archaeological studies suggest development towards chiefdoms during the late Bronze Age Đông Sơn culture.

Vietnam's peculiar geography made it a difficult country to attack, which is why Vietnam under the Hùng kings was for so long an independent and self-contained state. Once Vietnam did succumb to foreign rule, however, it proved unable to escape from it, and for 1,000 years, Vietnam was successively governed by a series of Chinese dynasties: the Han, Eastern Wu, Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Sui, Tang, and Southern Han. During these 1,000 years there were many uprisings against Chinese domination, and at certain periods Vietnam was independently governed under the Triệus, Trưng Sisters, Early Lýs, Khúcs and Dương Đình Nghệ—although their triumphs and reigns were temporary.

During the Chinese domination of northern Vietnam, several civilizations flourished in what is today central and south Vietnam, parularly the Funanese and Cham. The founders and rulers of these governments, however, were not native to Vietnam. From the 10th century onwards, the Vietnamese, emerging in their heartland of the Red River Delta, began to conquer these civilizations.

When Ngô Quyền (King of Vietnam, 938–944) restored sovereign power in the country, the next millennium was advanced by the accomplishments of successive dynasties: Ngôs, Đinhs, Early Lês, Lýs, Trầns, Hồs, Later Trầns, Later Lês, Mạcs, Trịnhs, Nguyễns, Tây Sơns and again Nguyễns. At various points during the imperial dynasties, Vietnam was ravaged and divided by civil wars and witnessed interventions by the Songs, Mongol Yuans, Chams, Mings, Siam, Manchus, French.

The Ming Empire conquered the Red River valley for a while before native Vietnamese regained control and the French Empire reduced Vietnam to a French dependency for nearly a century, followed by an occupation by the Japanese Empire. Polial upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchy after World War II, and the country was proclaimed a republic.

Contents

• 1Predynas Vietnam
  • 1.1Ethnic origins
  • 1.2Cultural evolution
• 2Ancient period (2879–111 BC)
  • 2.1Hồng Bàng Dynasty
  • 2.2Thục dynasty (257–179 BC)
  • 2.3Triệu dynasty (207–111 BC)
• 3Chinese domination (111 BC–938 AD)
  • 3.1First Chinese domination (111 BC–40 AD)
  • 3.2Trưng Sisters (40–43)
  • 3.3Second Chinese domination (43–544)
  • 3.4Early Lý dynasty (544–602)
  • 3.5Third Chinese domination (602–905)
  • 3.6Autonomous era (905–938)
• 4Monarchical period (938–1858)
  • 4.1Independent era (938–1407)
    • 4.1.1Ngô, Đinh, & Early Lê dynasties (938–1009)
    • 4.1.2Lý dynasty, Trần domination from Man viet, & Hồ dynasties (1009–1407)
  • 4.2Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427)
  • 4.3Restored era (1427–1527)
    • 4.3.1Later Lê dynasty – primitive period (1427–1527)
  • 4.4Warlord era (1527–1802)
    • 4.4.1Mạc & Later Lê dynasties – restored period (1527–1788)
    • 4.4.2Trịnh & Nguyễn lords
    • 4.4.3Advent of Europeans & southward expansion
    • 4.4.4Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802)
  • 4.5Unified era (1802–1858)
    • 4.5.1Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945)
• 5Modern period (1858–present)
  • 5.1French colonial era (1858–1945)
    • 5.1.1Relations with China
  • 5.2Republican era (1945–present)
    • 5.2.1Warring era (1945–76)
    • 5.2.2Unified era (1976-1986)
    • 5.2.3Renovated era (1986–present)
• 6Changing names
• 7See also
• 8References
  • 8.1Bibliography
• 9Further reading
• 10Primary sources
• 11In Vietnamese
• 12External links

Predynas Vietnam[edit]

Ethnic origins[edit]

The Austronesian Expansion
(3500 BC to AD 1200)^[6]

Pottery fruit tray of the Sa Huỳnhpeople.

Cham script text

The various people arrived on territory, that constitutes the modern state of Vietnam in many stages, often separated by thousands of years. Australo-Melanesians were the first to settle in numbers during the Paleolithic and by around 30,000 years ago are present in all regions of Southeast Asia. In most lands they were eventually displaced from the coastal lowlands and pushed to the uplands and hinterlands by later immigrants.^[7]

The indigenous hill tribes of Vietnam and Indochina however, are not known to owe their presence to the Australoids. They all have lingual and cultural ties to the NeolithicAustroasia, Austronesian, Kra-Dai and Hmong-Mien settler groups. Austroasia Mon-Khmer people have migrated around 5,000 BP via land routes from Burma and northeastern India. Since 5,500 BP Austronesian seafarers first and thoroughly colonized insular Southeast Asia. Kra-Dai and Hmong-Mien people came in more elusive groups and over the course of many centuries.

The territories of modern central and southern Vietnam, originally not belonging to the Vietnamese kingdom were only conquered between the 14th and 18th centuries. The indigenous peoples of those lands had developed a distinct culture from the ancient Vietnamese in the Red River Delta region. The ancient Sa Huỳnh culture of present-day central Vietnam is known for the quantities of iron objects and decorative items made from glass, semi-precious and precious stones such as agate, carnelian, rock crystal, amethyst, and nephrite.^[8] The Sa Huỳnh, who maintained an extensive trade network were most ly the predecessors of the Cham people.^[9]

The Cham people, who for over one thousand years settled in, controlled and civilized central and southern coastal Vietnam from around the 2nd century CE are of Austronesian origin. The southernmost sector of modern Vietnam, the Mekong Delta and its surroundings was until the 18th century an integral part, yet of shifting significance of the Austroasia Proto-Khmer - and Khmer principalities,  Funan, Chenla, the Khmer Empire and the Khmer kingdom.^[10][11][12]

The classic core population, the Lạc Việt of the rice-farming Phung Nguyen culture and future nation builders, who had found themselves in the Red River basin are predominantly descendants of agricultural communities of the Yangzi and Yellow River valleys in southern and central China, who have arrived in Indochina around 2000 years BC.^[13][14]

Cultural evolution[edit]

Fishing and hunting supplemented the main rice crop. Arrowheads and spears were dipped in poison to kill larger animals such as elephants. Betel nuts were widely chewed and the lower classes rarely wore clothing more substantial than a loincloth. Every spring, a fertility festival was held which featured huge parties and sexual abandon. Religion consisted of primitive animis cults.

Since around 2000 BC, stone hand tools and weapons improved extraordinarily in both quantity and variety. Pottery reached a higher level of technique and decoration style. The Vietnamese people were mainly agriculturists, growing the wet rice Oryza, which became the main staple of their diet. During the later stage of the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, the first appearance of bronze tools took place despite these tools still being rare. By about 1000 BC, bronze replaced stone for about 40 percent of edged tools and weapons, rising to about 60 percent. Here, there were not only bronze weapons, axes, and personal ornaments, but also sickles and other agriculture tools. Toward the closure of the Bronze Age, bronze accounts for more than 90 percent of tools and weapons, and there are exceptionally extravagant graves – the burial places of powerful chieftains – containing some hundreds of ritual and personal bronze artifacts such as musical instruments, bucket-shaped ladles, and ornament daggers. After 1000 BC, the ancient Vietnamese people became skilled agriculturalists as they grew rice and kept buffaloes and pigs. They were also skilled fishermen and bold sailors, whose long dug-out canoes traversed the eastern sea.

Ancient period (2879–111 BC)[edit]

Hồng Bàng Dynasty[edit]

khúc dự thừa