( PRESENT PERFECT <=> SIMPLEPAST )

1) How long ago did Michelle know you ?

2) When did your family move to HCM city ?

3) How long ago did you see tom ?

4) How long is it since your son started listening to music ?

5) How long ago did you start swimming in the pool ?

6) We have not been on a ship before

7) I haven't read this book before

( SO/SUCH/TOO/ENOUGH)

1) The water is not clean enough for us to swim in this river

2) The game is not easy enough for the children to play

( REPORTED SPEECH)

1) He told us we were his best friends

2) The children said that they were waiting for the school bus

3) The chilren said that most of them had difficulty in learning English

4) Charilie told helen he hadn't seen kate recently

#Làm lại!

( REPORTED SPEECH)
1. he said to us: " you are my best friends"
->______________He said to us we were his best friend.__________________
2 " we are waiting for the school bus", said the children
->____________The children said that they were waiting for the school bus.______________
3 " most of us have difficulty in learning English", said the children.
->____________________The children said that most of them had difficult in learning English. _______________________
4. Charlie said to Helen:" i haven't seen Kate recently"
->______________Charlie said to Helen he hadn't seen Kate recently._________________

1. Long is a bad swimmer.
=> Long swims.badly..
2. Khanh is a fluent English speaker.
=> Khanh speaks...E fluently
3. The river is too dirty for us to swim in.
=> Because...the river is too dirty ,we can't swim in it
4. Work hard and you will pass your exam.
=> If..you work hard,you will pass your exam.
5. Let's use public buses instead of motorbikes.
=> I suggest.using .public buses instead of motorbikes..
6. It was too dark for them to go on working.
=> Because..it was too dark,we couldn't go on working.
7. If you don't start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.
=> Unless.you start .working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam..
8. Let's go to the cinema tonight.
=> I suggest.going .. to the cinema tonight.
9. Although she was not beautiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
=> She wasn't beautiful but..she still .took part in a beauty contest.
10. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
=> Since...it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping.
11. She wants them to sing a song.
=> She suggests they...should sing a song
12. She couldn't join us because she was busy.
=> She was busy, so... She couldn't join us
13. Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
=> What about..going .to the cinema tonight?
14. They requested us to leave the place at once.
=> They suggest that...they should leave the place at once.
15. Unless there is enough water, flowers won't bloom.
=> If..there isn't enough water ,flowers won't bloom.
16. "Why don't we visit the museum after lunch?" He said.
=> He suggested..that we should visit the museum after lunch
17. Study harder or you'll fail the exam.
=> If..you don't study harder,you'll fail the exam.

1. Speaking English fluently is not easy.
=> It. not easy to speak Eg fluently
2. You remembered to post the letter, didn’t you?
=>You didn’t remember to post the letter, did you?
3. It is a six hours flight from London to New York.
=> It takes six hours to fly from London to New York.
4. He not only spent all his money; he even borrowed some from me.
=> Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me.
5. We spent our childhood in that beautiful mountain resort, and we always remember it.
=> We always remember our childhood in that beautiful mountain resort,
6. The circus shows are exciting. The whole family enjoy them.
=> The circus shows are exciting for the whole family to enjoy
7. Le Van Tam was very brave. Everyone admired him.
=> Le Van Tam was so brave that Everyone admired him.
8. The problem is so difficult that I can’t explain it.
=> This is such a difficult problem that I can’t explain it.
9. The fire has destroyed almost all the houses in the neighbourhood.
=> Almost all the houses in the neighbourhood have been destroyed by the fire
10. The robbers made the bank manager hand over the money.
=> The bank manager was made to hand over the money the the robbers
11. “I don’t remember what I did yesterday.” she said.
=> She told me that she didn't remember what she had done the day before
12. He got in trouble because he didn’t take my advice.
=> If he had taken my advice,he wouldn't have got into trouble
13/The desk was too heavy. She couldn’t move it.
=> The desk was so jeavy that She couldn’t move it.
14/ I walked to school in 20 minutes
=> It took me 20 minutes to walk to school
15/ He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me
=> Not only did He spend all his money but also borrowed some from me
16/ In spite of the heavy rain, my father went to work
=> Although it rained heavily, my father went to work
17/ After the beginning of the opera, late-comers had to wait before taking their seats
=> Once the opera began, late-comers had to wait before taking their seats
18/ He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
=> No sooner had He left the office when the telephone rang.
19/ The fields are very fertile. They plant potatoes in those field.
=> The fields where They plant potatoes are very fertile.
20/ The woman was a secretary. We are waiting for her.
=> The woman who We are waiting for was a secretary.
21/ I don’t have a car.
=> I wish I had a car
22/ They didn’t talk to each other two week ago.

=> They haven’t talked to each other for two weeks
23/ Mr. Clark bought a new car although we advised him against it.
=> Despite advising him against it,Mr. Clark bought a new car
24/ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
25/ My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known.
=> I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother
26/ They never made us do anything we didn’t want to.
=> We were never made to do anything we didn’t want to.
27/ The patient recovered more rapidly than we expected. [recovery]
=> The patient made a recovery rapidly than we expected.
28. Tom is so clever that he can learn this language in a short time.
=> Tom can learn this language in a short time because he is clever
29. I’m sorry I don’t go with you.
=> I wish I could go with you
30. Does he play football wonderfully?
=> Is he good at playing football
31. We started watching TV two hours ago.
=> We’ve watched Tv for two hours
32. We do not study as well as they do.
=> They study better than us
33. She took me to the cinema yesterday.
=> I was taken to the cinema yesterday.
34. When did you work for that company?
=> How long have you worked for that company?
35. They invited everyone to the meeting
=> Everyone was invited to the meeting
36.Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
=> Although Cars cause pollution ,people still want them.
37. But for your help I couldn’t do that.
=> If . it hadn't been for your help, I couldn’t do that.
38. Gary danced so badly that people stopped to watch him.
=> Gary was such a bad dancer that people stopped to watch him.
39. He succeeded in his life although he came a poor family.
=> Despite coming a poor family,He succeeded in his life
40. Though it was raining hard, they insisted on leaving.
=> In spite of raining hard, they insisted on leaving.

1. They decided to go out. It rained heavily. (Although)
-->They decided to go out although it rained heavily.
2. Why don't we go to school by bike instead of motorbike to save energy ? ( I suggest )
-->I suggest going to school by bike instead of motorbike to save energy.
3. He can't buy that bike because he doesn't have enough money (If )
-->If he had enough money, He could buy that bike.
4.The flowers are rose. I bought them for my mother ( which )
-->The flowers which I bought them for my mother are rose.
5. The boy is standing near the tree. He is my brother. ( who )
-->The boy who is standing near the tree is my brother.
6. I don't think he is strong. He can't lift the box.
-->I don't think he is strong because he can't lift the box.
7.His house is big. It is not very far from here.
-->His house is big and it is not very far from here.
8. You must plant your work carefully.
-->You work must be planted carefully.
9. I am very busy. I can't go with you
-->If I wasn't very busy, I could go with you.

1/ When did these students start wearing this uniform?
-> How long have ...these students worn this uniform?.......
2/ That football match was interesting to the boys.
-> The boys felt..felt interested in the football match.........
3/ Betty went to bed early bacause she was tired after the trip.
-> Betty was... tired after the trip, therefore she went to bed early........
4/ Don't go out with him because he isn't a good boy.
-> He isn't....a good boy, you shoudn't go out with him........
5/ The children decided not to take a bicycle trip to the countryside because of the bad weather.
-> The weather was...was bad, therefore the children dicided not to take a bicycle trip to the countryside......
6/ The weather wasn't fine enough for us to go boating.
-> The weather was so...was so bad that we couldn't go boating.......
7/ Mr.Jones is too busy to play tennis.
-> Mr. Jones is so ..so busy that he can't play tennis.......
8/ They can't take part in our trip beacause they have a lot of homework.
-> They have so..much homework that they can't take part in our trip....
9/ The teacher said:" Do this test carefully, Tom".
-> The teacher... told Tom to do that test carefully.......
10/ The lady said to me:" My son and I will come to see your parents tomorrow."
-> The lady...told me that her son and she would come to see my parents the next day.......
11/ " Do you intend to live on this farm when you retire?"
-> I asked Mr.Wilson ... if he intended to live in that formwhen he retired.....
12/ " Who teaches you Spanish this academic year?" said Paola to Tony.
-> Paola.....asked Tony who taught him Spanish that academic year.....
13/ "Would you mind carrying my suitcases?" the lady said to a porter.
-> The lady..asked a porter to carry her suicases......
14/ " Why do you often fall asleep in class, John? I'm very disappointed about it"
-> The teacher asked John...why he often fell asleep in class......
15/ Work harder, and we'll get better grades.
-> If....work harder, we 'll get better grades.....
16/ Stop talking too much in class, or you can't understand the lesson.
-> If..you don't stop talking too much in class, you can't understand the lesson.........
17/ Staying up late will make you tired.
-> If.. you stay up late, you will be tired......
18/ Is email a good way for people to communicate?
-> Email... is a good way for people to communicate, isn't it?...........
19/ Don't these teenagers know which website is useful for them?
-> These teenagers....know which website is useful for them, don't they?......
20/ Finishing this exercise perfectly in ten minutes is very difficult for us.
-> It's....very difficult for us to finish this exercise perfectly in ten minutes.....

Rewrite the following sentences but keep the meaning :
1. Although she performed well, she didn't receive good comments from critics.
=> Despite her .......good performance, she didn't receive good comments from critics.
............
2. I'm frightened by horror films: however, I enjoyed wathching them.
=> In spite ......of being frightened by horror films, I enjoyed wathching them...............
3. It was noisy. The children slept well.
=> Despite .....the noise, the children slept well.........
4. The film poster is fascinating. I don't want to see this film.
=> In spite of .....the fascinating film, i don't want to see this ...........
5. Although our plan is careful, we made some mistakes.
=> Despite .......our careful plan, we made some mistakes.............
6. Although he had a good salary he was unhappy in his job.
=> In spite of ......having a good salary he was unhappy in his job..............
7. In spite of the forecast it stayed fine.
=> Although the rain was .....forecasted, it stayed fine...............
8. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get our of the car.
=> In spite of .......his broken leg,he managed to get our of the car. ..........
9. Although the team played well, they lost.
=> In spite of .....playing well, the team lost...............
10. The flat's so noisy but we enjoy living there.
=> Even .......though The flat's so noisy we enjoy living there.
..............

1. Why don't we go for a picnic on the weekend?
=> Let's going for a picnic on the weekend
2. Let's go to work by bus.
=> What about going to work by bus. ?
3. Nga is a good English speaker.
=> Nga speaks English well
4. Unless you get a visa. You can't visit the United States.
=> If you get a visa , you can visit the United States.
5. If you don't succeed, you'll have to try it again.
=> Unless you succeed, you'll have to try it again.
6. I suggest collecting unused cothes.
=> Let's collect unused clothes.
7. Ba is tired. He stayed up late watching TV.
=> Because Ba stayed up late watching TV , he is tired
8. Hoa was careless, so broke the cup.
=> Since Hoa was careless, she broke the cup
9. We were disappointed. She didn't keep her promise. (Adj + that)
=> We were disappointed that she didn't keep her promise
10. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
=> Since it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping
11. She wants them to sing a song.
=> She suggests they singing a song
12. She couldn't join us beacause she was busy.
=> She was busy, so she couldn't join us
13. Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
=> What about going to the cinema tonight?
14. Why don't we use energy-saving bulbs?
=> I suggest using energy-saving bulbs?
15. Although she was not beatiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
=> She wasn't beatiful but she took part in a beauty contest.
16. Work hard and you'll pass the exam.
=> If you work hard , you'll pass the exam.
17. If you don't start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.
=> Unless you start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.
18. We are delighted. You passed your English exam.
=> We are delighted , because you passed your English exam.
19. She was tired and therefore she wanted to go home.
=> She wanted to go home because she was tired
20. Tet is a festival. Tet occurs in late January or early February. (which)
=> Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early February.
21. The pupil gets the scholarship. He is very poor. (who)
=> The pupil who gets the scholarship is very poor
22. Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year's Eve. (which)
=> Auld Lang Syne is a song which Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year's Eve.
23. Have you ever spoken to the people? They live next door. (who)
=> Have you ever spoken to the people who live next door
24. Is this the book? You want me to read it? (which)
=> Is this the book which you want me to read it? (which)
25. My friend Tom can compose songs. Tom sings Western folk songs very well. (who)
=> My friend Tom, who can compose songs, sings Western folk songs very well.
26. He often tells lies but many people believe him.
=> Although he often tells lies , many people believe him.
27. He is very tired but he has to finish his homework. (even though)
=> Even though he is very tired , he has to finish his homework.
B. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn
1. We have learnt Englist for 6 years.
=> We started learning E 6 years ago
2. It's three years since I last saw Nam.
=> I haven't seen Nam for three years
3. I last wrote to my uncle in July.
=> I haven't written to my uncle since July
4. Minh has collected stamps since 2000.
=> Minh began collecting stamps in 2000
5. It's a long time since we became close friends.
=> We have become close friends for a long time
6. I haven't gone to Da Lat for a long time.
=> I last went to Da Lat was a long time
7. The last time I visited my grandparents was last summer.
=> I haven't visited my grandparents since last summer
8. My family have lived in Lien Huong for 10 years.
=> My family started living in Lien Huong 10 years ago
9. I last saw him two days ago.
=> I have seen him for two days
10. How long have you bought this car?
=> When did you buy this car ?

1. Why don't we go for a picnic on the weekend?
=> Let's go for a picnic on the weekend
2. Let's go to work by bus.
=> What about going to work by bus?
3. Nga is a good English speaker.
=> Nga speaks E well
4. Unless you get a visa. You can't visit the United States.
=> If you don't get a visa,You can't visit the United States.
5. If you don't succeed, you'll have to try it again.
=> Unless you succeed, you'll have to try it again.
6. I suggest collecting unused cothes.
=> Let's collecting unused cothes.
7. Ba is tired. He stayed up late watching TV.
=> Because Ba stayed up late watching TV,he is tired
8. Hoa was careless, so broke the cup.
=> Since Hoa was careless, she broke the cup.
9. We were disappointed. She didn't keep her promise. (Adj + that)
=>We were so disappointed that She didn't keep her promise.
10. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.
=> Since it was raining ,we decided to postpone our camping.
11. She wants them to sing a song.
=> She suggests they should sing a song
12. She couldn't join us beacause she was busy.
=> She was busy, so She couldn't join us
13. Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
=> What about going to the cinema tonight?
14. Why don't we use energy-saving bulbs?
=> I suggest using energy-saving bulbs
15. Although she was not beatiful, she took part in a beauty contest.
=> She wasn't beatiful but she took part in a beauty contest.
16. Work hard and you'll pass the exam.
=> If you work hard ,you'll pass the exam.

17. If you don't start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.
=> Unless you start working hard now, you won't be able to pass the final exam.

18. We are delighted. You passed your English exam.
=> We are delighted that You passed your English exam.
19. She was tired and therefore she wanted to go home.
=> She wanted to go home because She was tired
20. Tet is a festival. Tet occurs in late January or early February. (which)
=> Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early February
21. The pupil gets the scholarship. He is very poor. (who)
=> The pupil who is very poor gets the scholarship
22. Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year's Eve. (which)
=> Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New Year's Eve.
23. Have you ever spoken to the people? They live next door. (who)
=> Have you ever spoken to the people who live next door.
24. Is this the book? You want me to read it? (which)
=>Is this the book which You want me to read
25. My friend Tom can compose songs. Tom sings Western folk songs very well. (who)
=> My friend Tom,who sings Western folk songs very well can compose songs.
26. He often tells lies but many people believe him.
=> Although He often tells lies, many people believe him.
27. He is very tired but he has to finish his homework. (even though)
=> Even though He is very tired, he has to finish his homework.
---
B. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn
1. We have learnt Englist for 6 years.
=> We started learning E 6 years ago
2. It's three years since I last saw Nam.
=> I haven't seen Nam for 3 years
3. I last wrote to my uncle in July.
=> I haven't writtten to my uncle since July
4. Minh has collected stamps since 2000.
=> Minh began collecting stamps in 2000
5. It's a long time since we became close friends.
=> We have become close friends for a long time
6. I haven't gone to Da Lat for a long time.
=> I last went to DL a long time ago
7. The last time I visited my grandparents was last summer.
=> I haven't visited my grandparents since last summer.
8. My family have lived in Lien Huong for 10 years.
=> My family started living in LH 10 years ago
9. I last saw him two days ago.
=> I have seen him for 2 days
10. How long have you bought this car?
=> When did you buy this car?

41. He received a poor grade because his answers were bad.
=> Because of bad answers, He received a poor grade
42. When did you live in Hocmon ?
=> How long have you lived in hocmon
43. He is ill, so he cannot participate in the match.
=> If he weren't ill,he could participate in the match.
44. I was too tired to eat anything.
=> I was so tired that I couldn't eat anything
46. We arrived late because of the bad traffic.
=> Because of the bad traffic./Because the traffic was bad,we arrived late
47. He couldn’t play in the games because of his foot injury.
=> Because his foot was injurious,He couldn’t play in the games
48. He became so suspicious that he didn’t believe in whatever his wife had said to him.
=> So suspicious did he become that he didn’t believe in whatever his wife had said to him.
49. That we should display good in the shop window is necessary.
=> We find it neccessary to display good in the shop window
50. He’s interested in classical music. He decided to go to the concert.
=> He made up to go to the concert because he is interseted in music
51. My mother is a better cook than I am.
=> I cook not as weel as my mother
52. I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Saturday
=> I would rather you delivered the sofa on Saturday
53. Why don’t we collect empty bottles and cans?
=> I suggest collecting empty bottles and cans
54. The electricity bill doesn't cost much because of their using energy-saving bulbs.
=> Since the bulbs are energy-saving. The electricity bill doesn't cost much
55. Unless we water these flowers, they'll die.
=> If we don't water these flowers, they'll die.