E là trung điểmcủa BC

=>EB=EC=a/2

\(AE=\sqrt{AB^2+BE^2}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{5}}{2}\)

Xét ΔABE vuông tại B có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}cosBAE=\dfrac{AB}{AE}=\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{a\sqrt{5}}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\\sinBAE=\dfrac{BE}{AE}=\dfrac{0.5a}{\dfrac{a\sqrt{5}}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(cosDAF=cosBEA=sinBAE=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\)

\(AF=\dfrac{AE}{2}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{5}}{4}\)

Xét ΔADF có \(cosDAF=\dfrac{AD^2+AF^2-DF^2}{2\cdot AD\cdot AF}\)

=>\(\dfrac{a^2+a^2\cdot\dfrac{5}{16}-DF^2}{2\cdot\dfrac{a\sqrt{5}}{4}\cdot a}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\)

=>\(\dfrac{\dfrac{21}{16}a^2-DF^2}{\dfrac{a^2\sqrt{5}}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\)

=>\(\dfrac{21}{16}a^2-DF^2=\dfrac{a^2}{2}\)

=>\(DF^2=\dfrac{13}{16}a^2\)

=>\(DF=\dfrac{a\sqrt{13}}{4}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AM}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{BC}\left(\overrightarrow{BM}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)=\overrightarrow{BM}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{BC}\cdot\overrightarrow{BA}\)

\(=BM\cdot BC\cdot cos0^0=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot a^2\cdot1=\dfrac{1}{2}a^2\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right|=\sqrt{AM^2+BC^2+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}a^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}a^2+a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{13}}{2}\cdot a\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AM=\sqrt{AB^2+BM^2}=3\sqrt{5}\\DM=\sqrt{CD^2+CM^2}=3\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) tam giác ADM cân tại M

Gọi F là trung điểm AD \(\Rightarrow ABMF\) là hình chữ nhật \(\Rightarrow MF=AB=6\)

Theo tính chất trọng tâm: \(GF=\dfrac{1}{3}MF=2\)

\(DF=\dfrac{1}{2}AD=3\)

Đặt \(T=\left|\overrightarrow{GD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{GF}+\overrightarrow{FD}\right|\)

\(\Rightarrow T^2=GF^2+FD^2+2\overrightarrow{GF}.\overrightarrow{DF}=GF^2+DF^2=2^2+3^2=13\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{GD}\right|=\sqrt{13}\)

Gọi H là trung điểm của DM

M là trung điểm của BC

=>\(BM=CM=\frac{BC}{2}=\frac{a}{2}\)

ΔMCD vuông tại C

=>\(CM^2+CD^2=DM^2\)

=>\(DM^2=a^2+\left(\frac{a}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5a^2}{4}\)

=>\(DM=\frac{a\sqrt5}{2}\)

ΔABM vuông tại B

=>\(AB^2+BM^2=AM^2\)

=>\(AM^2=a^2+\left(\frac{a}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5a^2}{4}\)

=>\(AM=\frac{a\sqrt5}{2}\)

Xét ΔAMD có AH là đường trung tuyến

nên \(AH^2=\frac{AD^2+AM^2}{2}-\frac{DM^2}{4}=\frac{a^2+\left(\frac{a\sqrt5}{2}\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(\frac{a\sqrt5}{2}\right)^2}{4}\)

\(=\frac12\left(a^2+\frac{_{}5a^2}{4}\right)-\frac14\cdot\frac{5a^2}{4}=\frac12a^2+\frac58a^2-\frac{5}{16}a^2=\frac{13}{16}a^2\)

=>\(AH=\frac{a\sqrt{13}}{4}\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=2\cdot\left|\overrightarrow{AH}\right|=2\cdot AH\)

\(=2\cdot\frac{a\sqrt{13}}{4}=\frac{a\sqrt{13}}{2}\)

Phương trình đường thẳng AM: \(ax+by-\dfrac{11}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}b=0\left(a^2+b^2\ne0\right)\)

Giả sử cạnh hình vuông có độ dài là \(a\)

\(AM^2=\dfrac{5}{4}a^2;AN^2=\dfrac{10}{9}a^2;MN^2=\dfrac{25}{36}a^2\)

Theo định lí cos: \(cosMAN=\dfrac{AM^2+AN^2-MN^2}{2.AM.AN}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left|2a-b\right|}{\sqrt{5\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(3a+b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\3a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}AM:3x+y-17=0\\AM:x-3y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(AM:3x+y-17=0\Rightarrow A:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y-17=0\\2x-y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow A=\left(4;5\right)\)

TH2: \(AM:x-3y-4=0\Rightarrow A:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3y-4=0\\2x-y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow A=\left(1;-1\right)\)